In recent years, the market for sparkling wines has expanded due to high global demand, with consumers focusing on the quality and safety of fermented beverages. Consequently, research has shifted towards biotechnological innovations, with a view to improving quality, simplifying the production process and, concomitantly, enhancing the preservation of the product's unique characteristics. The microbial strains mainly used to achieve these objectives are Saccharomyces spp. The selection of suitable starter cultures for sparkling wine production is a challenging process due to the adverse conditions encountered during secondary fermentation: elevated levels of ethanol (10%-12% v/v), low pH (2.8-3.5), and high total acidity (5-7 g/L of H2SO4) and total SO2 contents (50-80 mg/L), the low temperatures that occur during secondary fermentation (10-15 °C) and the high amount of CO2/high pressure (6 atm) associated with this process, plus the flocculation capacity of the strain. The present project comprised the selection of 38 yeast strains belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species. These had previously been isolated from various matrices such as grapes, grape must under spontaneous fermentation and, interestingly, from high sugar matrices that are honey by-product and manna (sugary exudated from Fraxinus spp. trees) for the purpose of producing sparkling wines by means of the classic method. The strains are part of the yeast collection of the Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences (SAAF) of the University of Palermo. An initial technological screening indicated that these strains presented favorable oenological characteristics, namely low H2S production and high resistance to ethanol, potassium metabisulphite and cycloheximide. All strains were reactivated by -80 °C glycerol stock on Yeast Peptone Dextrose at 28 °C for 48 h. Growth capacity was assessed under conditions of low temperature (10°C and 15°C) and low pH (2.5, 2.8 and 3) for a period of five days; growth patterns were observed by visual inspection with an optical microscope. Subsequently, flocculation tests were performed: the 38 strains were visually monitored for 20 days and rated on a scale of 0 (non-flocculating) to 5 (highly flocculating). To evaluate the efficacy of the yeast strains, a highly flocculent yeast strain (Lallemand WildBrew® Philly SourTM) was used as a positive control, while a non-flocculant yeast strain (MN412) from the strain collection of the SAAF Department of the University of Palermo was employed as the negative control. Visual inspections were conducted on days 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 after inoculation of the strain. The tests were performed in triplicate, and all strains showed growth capacity under conditions of low temperature and low pH. Visual analysis revealed that after 20 days of incubation at 25 °C, 12 of the 38 previously selected yeast strains showed high flocculation. These strains were then subjected to Helm's assay, a quantitative analysis of the yeast sedimentation volume, to confirm their flocculating nature. The 12 selected strains are currently employed in sparkling wine trials utilizing the conventional method. Consequently, given the substantial correlation between the organoleptic properties of sparkling wine and the physiological and metabolic characteristics of the yeasts employed for fermentation, the judicious selection of starters is imperative to impart a regional character to sparkling wines, thereby driving innovation and segmentation in this market.
Negli ultimi anni, il mercato dei vini spumanti si è espanso a causa dell'elevata domanda globale, con i consumatori attenti alla qualità e alla sicurezza delle bevande fermentate. Di conseguenza, la ricerca si è spostata verso le innovazioni biotecnologiche, con l'obiettivo di migliorare la qualità, semplificare il processo di produzione e, contemporaneamente, migliorare la conservazione delle caratteristiche uniche del prodotto. I ceppi microbici principalmente impiegati per il raggiungimento di questi obiettivi sono prevalentemente Saccharomyces spp. La selezione di colture starter adatte alla produzione di vino spumante è un processo impegnativo a causa delle condizioni avverse incontrate durante la fermentazione secondaria: elevati livelli di etanolo (10%-12% v/v), basso pH (2,8-3,5) ed elevata acidità totale (5-7 g/L di H2SO4) e contenuti totali di SO2 (50-80 mg/L), le basse temperature che si verificano durante la fermentazione secondaria (10-15 °C) e l'elevata quantità di CO2/alta pressione (6 atm) associata a questo processo, oltre alla capacità di flocculazione del ceppo. Il presente progetto prevedeva la selezione di 38 ceppi di lievito appartenenti alla specie Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Questi erano stati precedentemente isolati da diverse matrici quali uva, mosto d'uva in fermentazione spontanea e, curiosamente, da matrici ad alto contenuto zuccherino quali il sottoprodotto del miele e la manna (essudato zuccherino di alberi di Fraxinus spp.) per la produzione di vini spumanti con il metodo classico. I ceppi fanno parte della collezione di lieviti del Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF) dell'Università di Palermo. Un primo screening tecnologico ha indicato che questi ceppi presentavano caratteristiche enologiche favorevoli, in particolare una bassa produzione di H2S e un'elevata resistenza all'etanolo, al metabisolfito di potassio e alla cicloesimide. Tutti i ceppi sono stati riattivati da un brodo di glicerolo a -80 °C su Yeast Peptone Dextrose a 28 °C per 48 h. La capacità di crescita è stata valutata in condizioni di bassa temperatura (10 °C e 15 °C) e basso pH (2,5, 2,8 e 3) per un periodo di cinque giorni; i modelli di crescita sono stati osservati mediante ispezione visiva con un microscopio ottico. Successivamente, sono stati eseguiti test di flocculazione: i 38 ceppi sono stati monitorati visivamente per 20 giorni e valutati su una scala da 0 (non flocculante) a 5 (altamente flocculante). Per valutare l'efficacia dei ceppi di lievito, è stato utilizzato un ceppo di lievito altamente flocculante (Lallemand WildBrew® Philly SourTM) come controllo positivo, mentre un ceppo di lievito non flocculante (MN412) proveniente dalla collezione di ceppi del Dipartimento SAAF dell'Università di Palermo è stato impiegato come controllo negativo. Le ispezioni visive sono state condotte nei giorni 2, 5, 10, 15 e 20 dopo l'inoculo del ceppo. I test sono stati eseguiti in triplo e tutti i ceppi hanno mostrato capacità di crescita in condizioni di bassa temperatura e basso pH. L'analisi visiva ha rivelato che dopo 20 giorni di incubazione a 25 °C, 12 dei 38 ceppi di lievito precedentemente selezionati hanno mostrato un'elevata flocculazione. Questi ceppi sono stati poi sottoposti al saggio di Helm, un'analisi quantitativa del volume di sedimentazione del lievito, per confermare la loro natura flocculante. I 12 ceppi selezionati sono attualmente impiegati in prove di spumantizzazione con il metodo classico. Di conseguenza, data la sostanziale correlazione tra le proprietà organolettiche del vino spumante e le caratteristiche fisiologiche e metaboliche dei lieviti impiegati per la fermentazione, un’accurata selezione degli starter è indispensabile per conferire un carattere regionale ai vini spumanti, guidando così l'innovazione e la segmentazione di questo mercato.
Craparo, V., Naselli, V., Viola, E., Vella, A., Pirrone, A., Porrello, A., et al. (2025). YEASTS ISOLATED FROM HIGH-SUGAR MATRICES (MANNA AND HONEY) AND GRAPE AS POTENTIAL STARTERS FOR PRODUCING TRADITIONAL SPARKLING WINES IN SICILY. In 46th World Congress of Vine and Wine. 23rd General Assembly of the OIV 16-20 June 2025, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova. Book of abstracts (pp. 433-435).
YEASTS ISOLATED FROM HIGH-SUGAR MATRICES (MANNA AND HONEY) AND GRAPE AS POTENTIAL STARTERS FOR PRODUCING TRADITIONAL SPARKLING WINES IN SICILY
Valentina Craparo
Primo
;Vincenzo Naselli;Enrico Viola;Azzurra Vella;Antonino Pirrone;Antonella Porrello;Antonella Maggio;Venera Seminerio;Micaela Carusi;Davide Alongi;Irene Dolce;Giulio Perricone;Simona Manuguerra;Concetta Maria Messina;Luca Settanni;Giancarlo Moschetti;Antonio Alfonzo;Nicola Francesca
2025-01-01
Abstract
In recent years, the market for sparkling wines has expanded due to high global demand, with consumers focusing on the quality and safety of fermented beverages. Consequently, research has shifted towards biotechnological innovations, with a view to improving quality, simplifying the production process and, concomitantly, enhancing the preservation of the product's unique characteristics. The microbial strains mainly used to achieve these objectives are Saccharomyces spp. The selection of suitable starter cultures for sparkling wine production is a challenging process due to the adverse conditions encountered during secondary fermentation: elevated levels of ethanol (10%-12% v/v), low pH (2.8-3.5), and high total acidity (5-7 g/L of H2SO4) and total SO2 contents (50-80 mg/L), the low temperatures that occur during secondary fermentation (10-15 °C) and the high amount of CO2/high pressure (6 atm) associated with this process, plus the flocculation capacity of the strain. The present project comprised the selection of 38 yeast strains belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species. These had previously been isolated from various matrices such as grapes, grape must under spontaneous fermentation and, interestingly, from high sugar matrices that are honey by-product and manna (sugary exudated from Fraxinus spp. trees) for the purpose of producing sparkling wines by means of the classic method. The strains are part of the yeast collection of the Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences (SAAF) of the University of Palermo. An initial technological screening indicated that these strains presented favorable oenological characteristics, namely low H2S production and high resistance to ethanol, potassium metabisulphite and cycloheximide. All strains were reactivated by -80 °C glycerol stock on Yeast Peptone Dextrose at 28 °C for 48 h. Growth capacity was assessed under conditions of low temperature (10°C and 15°C) and low pH (2.5, 2.8 and 3) for a period of five days; growth patterns were observed by visual inspection with an optical microscope. Subsequently, flocculation tests were performed: the 38 strains were visually monitored for 20 days and rated on a scale of 0 (non-flocculating) to 5 (highly flocculating). To evaluate the efficacy of the yeast strains, a highly flocculent yeast strain (Lallemand WildBrew® Philly SourTM) was used as a positive control, while a non-flocculant yeast strain (MN412) from the strain collection of the SAAF Department of the University of Palermo was employed as the negative control. Visual inspections were conducted on days 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 after inoculation of the strain. The tests were performed in triplicate, and all strains showed growth capacity under conditions of low temperature and low pH. Visual analysis revealed that after 20 days of incubation at 25 °C, 12 of the 38 previously selected yeast strains showed high flocculation. These strains were then subjected to Helm's assay, a quantitative analysis of the yeast sedimentation volume, to confirm their flocculating nature. The 12 selected strains are currently employed in sparkling wine trials utilizing the conventional method. Consequently, given the substantial correlation between the organoleptic properties of sparkling wine and the physiological and metabolic characteristics of the yeasts employed for fermentation, the judicious selection of starters is imperative to impart a regional character to sparkling wines, thereby driving innovation and segmentation in this market.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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