First phenological and productive observations of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) in an unheated greenhouse in Italy

Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is a highly demanded speciality crop due to its nutritional benefits and high fruit yield throughout the year. However, its cultivation in Italy is still at early stages. The objective of the study was to investigate the phenology and productivity of pitaya cladodes grown in soilless conditions and fertigated in an unheated greenhouse near Palermo, Sicily. A 30% shading net was used to protect the cladodes from summer sunburn. This study evaluated different parameters, including average daily temperatures, and monitored the quantity, growth, and mortality of flower buds. Productivity was evaluated in terms of the number and fresh weight of fruit per fruiting cycle. Fruit growth was measured weekly, and the total soluble solids content was recorded at each harvest throughout the different fruiting cycles, which lasted from June to November. As autumn temperatures dropped, fruit development slowed, and vegetative activity ceased completely. This study offers valuable insights into the behaviour of pitaya in Italy, suggesting that with the appropriate conditions, the region has the potential to become a promising area for future pitaya cultivation in controlled environments.