Interstitial 1q Deletion Syndrome: A New Patient with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia and Multiple Midline Anomalies

Background: Interstitial deletions of chromosome 1q are rare, with about 30 cases reported in the literature. The phenotypical features of the affected subjects de scribed so far include microcephaly, pre- and post-natal growth retardation, psychomotor delays, ear anomalies, brachydactyly, in addition to small hands and feet, and rarely a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Case presentation: Here, we report on a neonate with CDH, dysmorphic features, and multiple midline anomalies including a cleft palate, in whom an array-comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) analysis allowed the identification of an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 1. Our patient un derwent a surgical correction of CDH on the fourth day of life, while that of cleft palate has been planned to be performed at 12 months. Conclusions: The few subjects suffering such rearrangement reported to date, along with the clinical and genetic profile of the present newborn, show that 1q deletions should be considered within the context of the “interstitial 1q deletion syndrome”. Comparing our case with those described in previous studies, the involved genomic regions and the phenotypic traits are partially overlapping, although the clinical picture of the present patient is among the few ones including a congenital diaphragmatic hernia within the phenotypical spectrum. A more extensive comparative analysis of a larger number of patients with similar genetic profiles may allow for a more precise clinical and genomic characterization of this rare syndrome, and for genotype–phenotype correlations.