The subject of this work is the result of a research conducted at the Department of Architecture of the University of Palermo, aimed at analyzing the state of the art of traditional architecture of North-West African countries and the effects that the modernization process of the habitat led on these, through the introduction of new building materials and advanced technologies imported from industrialized countries. The country examined at present is Burkina Faso, in sub-Saharan Africa, one of the poorest in the world and in Africa and, for this reason, one of the most susceptible to the economic and technological superiority of the industrialized countries that control and profit by the local resources. The research made use of the results of a study trip, during which were carried out visits and inspections in some cities and local communities of Burkina Faso. These inspections allowed us to verify if, how and to what extent the technologies of the so-called industrialized countries , have influenced the constructive tradition of developing countries. For the purposes of the research, an intervention method was defined that envisaged the following activities: 1.Visits to places and inspections in urban and extra-urban communities; 2. Architectural relief of some inland housing settlements 3. Historical reconstruction of the origins of the features of coexistence and of the living structures present in the different territorial contexts; 4. Analysis of the landscape individualities and settlement traditions of the ancient local communities; 5. Identification of local resources and technologies; 6.Incidence of the use of new materials and advanced technologies; 7. Proposals for the development of the local traditional heritage and its integration in the new architectural context, through the promotion and use of local types and materials and the improvement of the technologies applied to them. The results of the research have shown that although the big cities are places dedicated to the importation and diffusion of technological development in the constructive field, the materials and the new generation construction techniques have in some cases been used for the development of suitable technologies and passive systems for achieving thermo-hygrometric comfort of homes. Even in rural areas, in villages and communities far from the most convenient communication roads, it is evident the diffusion of non-traditional materials such as metals and plastics that have almost completely replaced the materials traditionally used in specific uses. The studies conducted have found correlations and synergies with the activities developed within the discipline of the Environmental Design of Master's Degree in Architecture of the Department of Architecture of the University of Palermo.
Oggetto del presente lavoro è l’esito di una ricerca condotta presso il Dipartimento di Architettura dell’Università degli Studi di Palermo, finalizzata all’analisi dello stato dell’arte dell’architettura tradizionale dei Paesi dell’Africa Nord-Occidentale e agli effetti che su questa ha determinato il processo di modernizzazione dell’habitat, attraverso l’introduzione di nuovi materiali da costruzione e di tecnologie avanzate importate da Paesi industrializzati. Il Paese preso in esame è il Burkina Faso, nell’Africa sub-sahariana, uno dei più poveri del Mondo e dell’Africa e, per tale ragione, uno dei più suscettibili alla superiorità economica e tecnologica dei paesi industrializzati che controllano e sfruttano le risorse locali. La ricerca si è avvalsa degli esiti di un viaggio di studio, in occasione del quale sono stati compiuti visite e sopralluoghi presso alcune città e comunità locali del Burkina Faso che hanno permesso di verificare se, come e in che misura le tecnologie dei Paesi cosiddetti industrializzati, hanno influito nella tradizione costruttiva dei Paesi in via di sviluppo. Ai fini della ricerca è stata delineata una metodologia di intervento che prevedeva le seguenti attività: 1. Visita dei luoghi e sopralluogo presso le comunità; 2. Rilievo di alcuni insediamenti abitativi dell’entroterra; 3. Ricostruzione storica delle origini delle forme di convivenza e delle strutture dell’abitare presenti nei diversi contesti territoriali; 4. Analisi delle individualità paesaggistiche e delle tradizioni insediative delle antiche comunità locali; 5. Individuazione delle risorse e delle tecnologie locali; 6. Incidenza dell’utilizzo di nuovi materiali e tecnologie avanzate; 7. Proposte per la valorizzazione del patrimonio tradizionale locale e la sua integrazione nel nuovo contesto architettonico, attraverso la promozione e l’impiego di tipologie e materiali locali ed il perfezionamento delle tecnologie ad essi applicate. I risultati della ricerca hanno evidenziato che pur essendo le grandi città i luoghi deputati all’importazione e alla diffusione dello sviluppo tecnologico in ambito costruttivo, i materiali e le tecniche costruttive di nuova generazione sono spesso impiegati per la messa a punto di tecnologie appropriate e sistemi passivi per il raggiungimento del comfort termo igrometrico delle abitazioni. Anche in ambito rurale, presso i villaggi e comunità distanti dalle più comode vie di comunicazione stradale, si evidenzia la diffusione di materiali non tradizionali quali metalli e plastiche che hanno sostituito quasi in toto i materiali tradizionalmente impiegati negli usi specifici. Gli studi condotti hanno trovato intrecci e sinergie con le attività didattiche sviluppate nell’ambito della disciplina di Progettazione Ambientale del Corso di laurea magistrale in Architettura del Dipartimento di Architettura dell’Università di Palermo. La ricerca ha offerto anche spunti di approfondimento coinvolgendo gli allievi con esiti riscontrabili nell’elaborazione di tesi di laurea.
Tiziana Firrone (2018). Changes and persistences of traditional architectural shapes in Burkina Faso. In The Organizing Committee of the ISDRS 2018 Conference (a cura di), Actions for a Sustainable World: From theory to practice. Book of Papers The 24th International Sustainable Development Research Society Conference (ISDRS 2018) (pp. 1079-1091). Messina.
Changes and persistences of traditional architectural shapes in Burkina Faso
Tiziana Firrone
2018-01-01
Abstract
The subject of this work is the result of a research conducted at the Department of Architecture of the University of Palermo, aimed at analyzing the state of the art of traditional architecture of North-West African countries and the effects that the modernization process of the habitat led on these, through the introduction of new building materials and advanced technologies imported from industrialized countries. The country examined at present is Burkina Faso, in sub-Saharan Africa, one of the poorest in the world and in Africa and, for this reason, one of the most susceptible to the economic and technological superiority of the industrialized countries that control and profit by the local resources. The research made use of the results of a study trip, during which were carried out visits and inspections in some cities and local communities of Burkina Faso. These inspections allowed us to verify if, how and to what extent the technologies of the so-called industrialized countries , have influenced the constructive tradition of developing countries. For the purposes of the research, an intervention method was defined that envisaged the following activities: 1.Visits to places and inspections in urban and extra-urban communities; 2. Architectural relief of some inland housing settlements 3. Historical reconstruction of the origins of the features of coexistence and of the living structures present in the different territorial contexts; 4. Analysis of the landscape individualities and settlement traditions of the ancient local communities; 5. Identification of local resources and technologies; 6.Incidence of the use of new materials and advanced technologies; 7. Proposals for the development of the local traditional heritage and its integration in the new architectural context, through the promotion and use of local types and materials and the improvement of the technologies applied to them. The results of the research have shown that although the big cities are places dedicated to the importation and diffusion of technological development in the constructive field, the materials and the new generation construction techniques have in some cases been used for the development of suitable technologies and passive systems for achieving thermo-hygrometric comfort of homes. Even in rural areas, in villages and communities far from the most convenient communication roads, it is evident the diffusion of non-traditional materials such as metals and plastics that have almost completely replaced the materials traditionally used in specific uses. The studies conducted have found correlations and synergies with the activities developed within the discipline of the Environmental Design of Master's Degree in Architecture of the Department of Architecture of the University of Palermo.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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