Evaluating the Impact of AI Integration in Healthcare: a Systemic Approach to Performance Management through Key Performance Indicators

While the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is widely recognized in the literature, empirical evidence on its actual impact remains limited. This study addresses this gap by proposing a set of key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure AI’s effects on efficiency, resource allocation, and service quality of healthcare organizations. Using Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) – a systems thinking tool – as a preliminary step, the research explores AI’s dynamic impacts, as highlighted in the existing literature, to inform KPIs’ development. The resulting set provides a practical tool for decision-makers and establishes a foundation for future research on AI’s tangible effects on healthcare organizations.