The square is today often considered as a place of collective life and socializing; this interpretation is actually quite recent, given that historically the square had very specific functions (mostly commercial, civic, or political) rarely linked to leisure and recreation. From a spatial point of view, especially in the Mediterranean context, the square has historically been a sunny place, an urban void that serves (functionally and symbolically) as a necessary counterpoint to give prominence and visibility to the important architectures that overlook it (or rather, mutually define it). In the past century, modern architecture has paid little attention to collective open space – focusing predominantly on residential issues and, subsequently, on public buildings – at least until around 1950, when some research began to focus on the concept of the park-square and on new urban paradigms. Today, the development goals promote the improvement and sustainability of urban settlements, providing universal access to green and public spaces; following this guidelines, even the recent European Parliament law on “restoring nature” imposes the goal of a minimum of 10% tree cover in every city. Also, in line with these initiatives, some innovative projects show a trend towards converting open urban spaces into gardens, transforming the square into a vegetated space where permeable ground replaces mineral pavement. These shaded areas, in addition to introducing and preserving a portion of nature and biodiversity within the city, promote socialization and the well-being of residents. This is a new type of urban open space, in which architectural design essentially consists of vegetative elements, creating a new hybrid landscape between nature and artifice.
La piazza è oggi spesso considerata un luogo di vita collettiva e di socializzazione; tale interpretazione è in realtà piuttosto recente, poiché storicamente la piazza assolveva funzioni molto specifiche (prevalentemente commerciali, civiche o politiche), raramente legate al tempo libero e alla ricreazione. Dal punto di vista spaziale, soprattutto nel contesto mediterraneo, la piazza è stata storicamente un luogo di luce, un vuoto urbano che svolge (funzionalmente e simbolicamente) il ruolo di necessario contrappunto, volto a conferire rilievo e visibilità alle architetture che vi si affacciano (o, più propriamente, che con essa si definiscono reciprocamente). Nel corso del Novecento, l’architettura moderna ha riservato scarsa attenzione allo spazio aperto collettivo, concentrandosi prevalentemente sul tema dell’abitare e, successivamente, sugli edifici pubblici, almeno fino a circa il 1950, quando alcune ricerche iniziano a focalizzarsi sul concetto di parco-piazza e su nuovi paradigmi urbani. Oggi gli obiettivi di sviluppo promuovono il miglioramento e la sostenibilità degli insediamenti urbani, garantendo l’accesso universale agli spazi verdi e pubblici; in linea con tali indirizzi, anche la recente normativa del Parlamento Europeo sul “ripristino della natura” impone l’obiettivo di una copertura arborea minima del 10% in ogni città. Coerentemente con queste iniziative, alcuni progetti innovativi mostrano una tendenza alla trasformazione degli spazi aperti urbani in giardini, convertendo la piazza in uno spazio vegetato in cui il suolo permeabile sostituisce la pavimentazione minerale. Queste aree ombreggiate, oltre a introdurre e preservare una quota di natura e biodiversità all’interno della città, favoriscono la socializzazione e il benessere degli abitanti. Si configura così una nuova tipologia di spazio aperto urbano, nella quale il progetto architettonico si fonda essenzialmente sugli elementi vegetali, dando vita a un paesaggio ibrido tra natura e artificio.
De Marco, P. (2025). From square to garden. Projects for contemporary open spaces. In Wellbeing for all (pp. 286-296). Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València.
From square to garden. Projects for contemporary open spaces
De Marco, Paolo
2025-11-01
Abstract
The square is today often considered as a place of collective life and socializing; this interpretation is actually quite recent, given that historically the square had very specific functions (mostly commercial, civic, or political) rarely linked to leisure and recreation. From a spatial point of view, especially in the Mediterranean context, the square has historically been a sunny place, an urban void that serves (functionally and symbolically) as a necessary counterpoint to give prominence and visibility to the important architectures that overlook it (or rather, mutually define it). In the past century, modern architecture has paid little attention to collective open space – focusing predominantly on residential issues and, subsequently, on public buildings – at least until around 1950, when some research began to focus on the concept of the park-square and on new urban paradigms. Today, the development goals promote the improvement and sustainability of urban settlements, providing universal access to green and public spaces; following this guidelines, even the recent European Parliament law on “restoring nature” imposes the goal of a minimum of 10% tree cover in every city. Also, in line with these initiatives, some innovative projects show a trend towards converting open urban spaces into gardens, transforming the square into a vegetated space where permeable ground replaces mineral pavement. These shaded areas, in addition to introducing and preserving a portion of nature and biodiversity within the city, promote socialization and the well-being of residents. This is a new type of urban open space, in which architectural design essentially consists of vegetative elements, creating a new hybrid landscape between nature and artifice.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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