L’odontoiatra e gli eventi avversi da farmaci nei pazienti oncologici

OBJECTIVES The rationale of this dossier is to inform dentists, physicians and dental hygienists and raise their awareness of the culture of Adverse Drug Reactions of Oral interest (ADR-O) in cancer patients, as well as to illustrate the importance of reporting adverse events to the competent authorities (AIFA, in Italy). MATERIALS AND METHODS This report describes the main ADR-Os observed in cancer patients: from the multifaceted alterations of the oral mucosa, to stomatitis from chemotherapy and other drugs, to mucositis linked to radiotherapy or radio-chemotherapy; from dental dyschromia, to osteonecrosis related to radiotherapy (ORN, Osteo-Radio-Necrosis), up to osteonecrosis from drugs (MRONJ, Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws). Indications for their early diagnosis and management are also provided, according to the main Italian and international recommendations. RESULTS ADR-Os in cancer patients include multiple adverse events associated with the use of drugs, which can involve the oral mucosa, hard tissues and jaw bones. These reactions can have serious consequences on the health of patients, are sometimes painful and potentially irreversible. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of ADR-Os are essential to limit the damage and improve the quality of life of patients. CONCLUSIONS Reporting ADR-O is essential for drug surveillance and safety, contributing to the identification of new adverse reactions or emerging trends. Currently, the knowledge and awareness among dentists, physicians, and dental hygienists regarding ADR-O and their reporting appear suboptimal. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This dossier emphasizes the importance of raising awareness among dentists, physicians, and dental hygienists about ADR-Os in cancer patients, as these professionals play a crucial role in the management of patients’ oral health and are in a privileged position to recognize and report such reactions. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of ADR-Os are essential to limit damage and improve the quality of life in cancer patients. Moreover, increased awareness and training regarding ADR-O could enhance drug safety, contributing to more effective surveillance and improved oral health management in cancer patients.