A computational simulation tool for the design optimization of hemodialysis modules

A computational tool to simulate the hydrodynamics and the mass transfer characteristics and efficiency of a hemodialysis module for several solutes has been developed and validated (maximum discrepancy in clearance ~2.9%, average ~0.8%). The model also takes into account the effect of undulation of fiber bundles on the module performances. Results showed that, through the use of undulated fibers, it is possible to obtain an increase in Sherwood number up to ~20% with respect to the straight fibers bundle value. The shell-side inlet flow rate showed a marked effect on clearance for urea up to values of 500 ml/min. The model can be used to explore the effects of different module designs and membrane characteristics on hydrodynamic and mass transfer performances.