The sanctuary is the axis mundi, a place of communication between the different levels of conceived reality and the different entities that populate it, and a center around which the community space orients itself, organizes itself, and fills itself with meaning. Small or large, fixed on the top of a mountain, next to a rock or a centuries-old tree, above or inside a cave, embedded in a gorge, lost within a desolate land or close to an inhabited area, it is the material sign of the presence of the numen among men, the very reason for their existence and, at the same time, of the presence of man (of his power) on the territory. The sanctuary, a place of communion between the faithful and the Saint, moreover, whether or not it presents evident architectural structures, is a “work” of man, a place of meeting and communication of the faithful with the faithful in a special condition, different from the daily one and, for this reason, also an elective space for the temporary resolution of intra- and inter-community tensions. At the sanctuary, through experiences and driven by widely shared needs, yet united by the desire to enter into salvific contact with the sacred power, the pilgrims - belonging to different communities among whom there are rarely constant encounters and, at times, conflictual relationships - meet together and enter into relationships. They reaffirm, of course, their specific belonging (with insignia, clothes, behaviors, etc.) but, at the same time, they become members of a new and different community, that of pilgrimage, of worship, that which, ascribing to it specific extra-ordinary qualities, Turner calls communitas. In that place, the sanctuary, and at that time, the feast, hostilities are suspended, agreements and alliances are sanctioned, promises are made whose legitimacy is guaranteed by the Saint. He watches over that nothing happens, guarantees peace by imposing his sacred and fearful power. Such circumstances are particularly observable at the "border" sanctuaries, ideal borders of the lived space and places of periodic meeting of several communities where, in addition to the devout dimension, it is possible to grasp that state of "effervescence et de suractivité", that "intense socialité" that Mauss and Beuchat speak of. The pilgrims, coming from different centers, individually or in groups, participate in a collective event, they meet together sharing the spaces of rest, the same sanctuary space, prayer, processions, dances, meals, etc. The sanctuary is also a place of choice for socializing. On feast days it becomes a place of fairs, of buying and selling, of exchanges of goods and information.
Il santuario è axis mundi, luogo di comunicazione tra i diversi livelli della realtà concepita e le diverse entità che la popolano, e centro intorno al quale lo spazio comunitario si orienta, si organizza, si riempie di senso. Piccolo o grande che sia, fissato sulla cima di un monte, accanto a una roccia o a un albero secolare, sopra o all’interno di una grotta, incassato entro una gola, disperso all’interno di una landa desolata o prossimo all’abitato, esso è il segno materiale della presenza del numen tra gli uomini, ragione stessa della loro esistenza e, a un tempo, della presenza dell’uomo (del suo potere) sul territorio. Il santuario, luogo della comunione tra fedeli e Santo, d'altronde, che presenti o meno evidenti strutture architettoniche, è “opera” dell’uomo, luogo di riunione e comunicazione dei fedeli con i fedeli in una condizione speciale, diversa da quella quotidiana e, per questo, anche spazio elettivo di temporanea risoluzione delle tensioni intra e inter comunitarie. Presso il santuario, attraverso esperienze e sospinti da esigenze largamente condivise, comunque accomunati dal desiderio di entrare in contatto salvifico con la potenza sacra, i pellegrini - appartenenti a diverse comunità tra le quali, di rado si hanno incontri costanti e, talora, insistono rapporti conflittuali - si ritrovano insieme, entrano in relazione. Essi ribadiscono, certo, la propria specifica appartenenza (con insegne, abiti, comportamenti, ecc.) ma, al contempo, divengono componenti di una nuova e diversa comunità, quella di pellegrinaggio, di culto, quella che, ascrivendole specifiche qualità extra-ordinarie, Turner chiama communitas. In quel luogo, il santuario, e in quel tempo, la festa, si sospendono le ostilità, si sanciscono accordi e alleanze, si fanno promesse la cui legittimità è garantita dal Santo. Egli vigila su che nulla accada, garantisce la pace imponendo la sua potenza sacra e temibile. Tali circostanze sono osservabili in particolar modo presso i santuari di “confine” , confini ideali dello spazio vissuto e luoghi di riunione periodica di più comunità dove, oltre alla dimensione devota è dato cogliere quello stato «d'effervescence et de suractivité», quella «socialité intense» di cui parlano Mauss e Beuchat. I pellegrini, provenienti da diversi centri, singolarmente o per gruppi, partecipano a un evento collettivo, si ri-trovano insieme condividendo gli spazi del riposo, lo stesso spazio santuariale, la preghiera, le processioni, le danze, i pasti, etc. Il santuario è d'altronde luogo elettivo di socialità. Nei giorni della festa diviene luogo di fiere, di compravendite, di scambi di merci e di informazioni
buttitta, i. (2025). Santuari di confine. Dimensione simbolica e dinamiche socio-politiche. In I. Buttitta, B. Ferrara, R. Panvini (a cura di), Frontiera e confine. Culture a contatto nella Sicilia antica (pp. 395-421). Palermo : Fondazione Ignazio Buttitta.
Santuari di confine. Dimensione simbolica e dinamiche socio-politiche
buttitta, i
2025-05-01
Abstract
The sanctuary is the axis mundi, a place of communication between the different levels of conceived reality and the different entities that populate it, and a center around which the community space orients itself, organizes itself, and fills itself with meaning. Small or large, fixed on the top of a mountain, next to a rock or a centuries-old tree, above or inside a cave, embedded in a gorge, lost within a desolate land or close to an inhabited area, it is the material sign of the presence of the numen among men, the very reason for their existence and, at the same time, of the presence of man (of his power) on the territory. The sanctuary, a place of communion between the faithful and the Saint, moreover, whether or not it presents evident architectural structures, is a “work” of man, a place of meeting and communication of the faithful with the faithful in a special condition, different from the daily one and, for this reason, also an elective space for the temporary resolution of intra- and inter-community tensions. At the sanctuary, through experiences and driven by widely shared needs, yet united by the desire to enter into salvific contact with the sacred power, the pilgrims - belonging to different communities among whom there are rarely constant encounters and, at times, conflictual relationships - meet together and enter into relationships. They reaffirm, of course, their specific belonging (with insignia, clothes, behaviors, etc.) but, at the same time, they become members of a new and different community, that of pilgrimage, of worship, that which, ascribing to it specific extra-ordinary qualities, Turner calls communitas. In that place, the sanctuary, and at that time, the feast, hostilities are suspended, agreements and alliances are sanctioned, promises are made whose legitimacy is guaranteed by the Saint. He watches over that nothing happens, guarantees peace by imposing his sacred and fearful power. Such circumstances are particularly observable at the "border" sanctuaries, ideal borders of the lived space and places of periodic meeting of several communities where, in addition to the devout dimension, it is possible to grasp that state of "effervescence et de suractivité", that "intense socialité" that Mauss and Beuchat speak of. The pilgrims, coming from different centers, individually or in groups, participate in a collective event, they meet together sharing the spaces of rest, the same sanctuary space, prayer, processions, dances, meals, etc. The sanctuary is also a place of choice for socializing. On feast days it becomes a place of fairs, of buying and selling, of exchanges of goods and information.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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