Damping-enhanced schemes and wide-synchronization control for grid-forming converters

The paper presents a comparison between grid-forming controls with enhanced damping characteristics and the wide-area control with participation of grid-forming converters, the so called wide-synchronization control. First, an analytical comparison of the considered solutions is provided, deriving the closed-loop transfer functions for all the schemes under specific assumptions. Then, a simulation-based comparison is discussed, referring to the large scale dynamic model of the European power system and considering two possible scenarios of grid-forming integration. The results of both analytical and simulation-based comparisons consistently indicate the better performances of the wide-synchronization control, for a significant reduction of frequency oscillations and instantaneous frequency deviations occurring after a disturbance in the system. The wide-synchronization control proves to be effective already with a limited number of grid-forming sources participating in the control.