Pharmacognostic characterization of Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Brassicaceae) from Campania and Sicily (Southern Italy)

Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC., known as perennial wall-rocket, and called “rucola selvatica” in Italy, is a herbaceous plant traditionally used in the Mediterranean area mainly as a wild salad, but also appreciated for its beneficial properties. Leaves have in fact notable nutritional properties related to the richness in glucosinolates and antioxidant compounds, such as vitamin C and phenolic compounds. Some uses have been reported in the traditional medicine of Southern Italy, such as a laxative, for the treatment of liver problems and as an aphrodisiac, but also as a diuretic, and against myalgia and dental problems. In addition, a cosmetic use to promote hair growth has been referred for Sardinia, and the species has also been cited for its mucolytic properties. However, to date there is a paucity of studies on the potential medicinal properties of this species, which could pave the way for new nutraceutical and phytotherapeutic applications. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyse the anatomical and micromorphological features of the leaves of the plant and evaluate the phytochemical profile and the antioxidant activity of a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from leaves of two populations, growing in Campania (DtC) and in Sicily (DtS), respectively.