A Yolo-Based Model for Breast Cancer Detection in Mammograms

This work aims to implement an automated data-driven model for breast cancer detection in mammograms to support physicians' decision process within a breast cancer screening or detection program. The public available CBIS-DDSM and the INbreast datasets were used as sources to implement the transfer learning technique on full-field digital mammography proprietary dataset. The proprietary dataset reflects a real heterogeneous case study, consisting of 190 masses, 46 asymmetries, and 71 distortions. Several Yolo architectures were compared, including YoloV3, YoloV5, and YoloV5-Transformer. In addition, Eigen-CAM was implemented for model introspection and outputs explanation by highlighting all the suspicious regions of interest within the mammogram. The small YoloV5 model resulted in the best developed solution obtaining an mAP of 0.621 on proprietary dataset. The saliency maps computed via Eigen-CAM have proven capable solution reporting all regions of interest also on incorrect prediction scenarios. In particular, Eigen-CAM produces a substantial reduction in the incidence of false negatives, although accompanied by an increase in false positives. Despite the presence of hard-to-recognize anomalies such as asymmetries and distortions on the proprietary dataset, the trained model showed encouraging detection capabilities. The combination of Yolo predictions and the generated saliency maps represent two complementary outputs for the reduction of false negatives. Nevertheless, it is imperative to regard these outputs as qualitative tools that invariably necessitate clinical radiologic evaluation. In this view, the model represents a trusted predictive system to support cognitive and decision-making, encouraging its integration into real clinical practice.