Rockfall hazard assessment of the Monte Gallo Oriented Nature Reserve area (Southern Italy)

The Monte Gallo area is a carbonate relief that develops a significant nature reserve and highly attracts tourism to the urbanized area of the City of Palermo (Southern Italy). The slopes are affected by several rockfall events, which have also caused death, injuries, material damage, and a strong social and economic impact. Here, a detailed geological and geotechnical study to assess the rockfall hazard relating to two sectors of the mount has been carried out. The hazard assessment at the slope scale was performed based on geological, geomorphological, geomechanical, and seismic analysis. Using both analytical and empirical methods and by means of different software, the reconstruction of the propagation areas for the eastern sector of the Mount was possible. Results were used to better understand the overall structure, characterize the rockfall source areas' kinematics, and recognize the basic failure mechanisms. The obtained runout areas were compared with each other and with those of previous studies conducted in a neighboring area, as well as with the corresponding hazard area maps of the official cartography, which is being updated. It is expected to be supplemented with maps derived from empirical models.