To the research of treatments for the typical calcific disease of old aortic valve in the omics era: Is the miR-195 a therapeutic signature via targetable p38-MAPK/VWF axis in bicuspid aortic valve?

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most frequent form of val-vular pathology [1,2], with high percentages of mortality and morbidityin Western populations, so much to be a very public health problem [2].Diverse millions of subjects are affected by CAVD and the major numberare old individuals (65- older), even if some have a younger age and aregenerally affected by congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease[2,3]. CAVD in BAV individuals arises decades earlier respect to subjectswith the physiological tricuspid aortic valve [3]. Furthermore, it can leadto death if untreated with surgical aortic valve replacement or trans-catheter aortic valve implantation, its unique treatments [2]. No phar-macological drugs have been developed for CAVD, because itspathophysiology remains unknown, with mechanisms and pathwaysfully questionable [