Cytoprotective effects of the antioxidant phytochemical indicaxanthin in beta-thalassemia red blood cells

Antioxidant phytochemicals are investigated as novel treatments for supportive therapy in b-thalassemia. The dietary indicaxanthin was assessed for its protective effects on human b-thalassemic RBCs submitted in vitro to oxidative haemolysis by cumene hydroperoxide. Indicaxanthin at 1.0–10 mMenhanced the resistance to haemolysis dose-dependently. In addition, it prevented lipid and haemoglobin (Hb) oxidation, and retarded vitamin E and GSH depletion. After ex vivo spiking of blood from thalassemia patients with indicaxanthin, the phytochemical was recovered in the soluble cell compartment of the RBCs. A spectrophotometric study showed that indicaxanthin can reduce perferryl-Hb generated in solution from met-Hb and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), more effectively than either Trolox or vitamin C. Collectively our results demonstrate that indicaxanthin can be incorporated into the redox machinery of b-thalassemic RBC and defend the cell from oxidation, possibly interfering with perferryl-Hb, a reactive intermediate in the hydroperoxidedependent Hb degradation. Opportunities of therapeutic interest for b-thalassemia may be considered.