In the history of construction, the erection of a vault has always been an architectural/engineering challenge. Such a structures, indeed, were able to cover large spaces with complex geometries and a high effort in design and construction. Often, beyond the successful examples, many failures occurred along with disastrous collapsing and changes of mind. In any case, the whole available apparatus of structural and technological knowledge was exploited, leaving a large space to imagination and experimentation. On the other side, consolidated structural and architectural schemes were often taken from the rule of the art or from manuals. Technological innovation were always merged with the science of construction, with design and drawing – of the whole structure as well as of meticulous illustrations – and with a wise usage of traditional local materials. Stereotomy is the true heart of the vaulted construction. A precise science able to shape the constitutive material, the stone, with an absolute precision, useful not only to the statics of the system but also to the aesthetic output of the pushing structure. In this work many examples and constructive experiences are reported and compared. Furthermore, originalities and typologies are highlighted to show how the technical knowledge was highly transversal and shared, thanks to a large diffusion of ideas and artisans through the various countries.

Costruire una volta ha sempre nei secoli rappresentato un’arte pratica che si nutriva del contributo di chi operava in cantiere: indispensabile risultava la tecnica, il sapiente taglio della pietra e l’opportuna collocazione della stessa nel gioco statico dell’organismo murario. Un sapere tecnico, questo, che combinava l’estetica con la organizzazione strutturale della fabbrica costruenda; l’esperienza pratica aveva dettato a muratori e scalpellini i precetti in merito ai differenti compiti organizzativi e alle relative gerarchie degli esecutori dell’opera edilizia, all’attrezzature e alle macchine da cantiere, agli utensili e alle lavorazioni da usare, incentivando una spiccata attitudine al disegno (di architettura in genere, di figura e di ornato in dettaglio), unico ed efficace strumento di comunicazione. In area mediterranea per l’edilizia che definiremmo “diffusa” o “di base” si operavano scelte di comodo, dettate dal senso pratico di economia e sfruttamento delle risorse locali disponibili, mentre per l’edilizia di pregio – monumentale o specialisitica- l’estro creativo e la dimestichezza con le strutture che avevano i tecnici sceglievano geometrie e modalità costruttive anche sperimentali e originali; in entrambi i casi, questa dicotomia rappresenta una ricchezza e un valore aggiunto, nei secoli mai venuti meno.

Campisi, T., Saeli, M. (2018). Building the space: vaults’ geometry and stereotomy. Materials and architectural technologies in the Mediterranean area. In REHABEND 2018 - Construction pathology, rehabilitation technology and heritage management (pp. 1290-1297). Caceres : University of Cantabria.

Building the space: vaults’ geometry and stereotomy. Materials and architectural technologies in the Mediterranean area

Campisi, T;Saeli, M
2018-01-01

Abstract

In the history of construction, the erection of a vault has always been an architectural/engineering challenge. Such a structures, indeed, were able to cover large spaces with complex geometries and a high effort in design and construction. Often, beyond the successful examples, many failures occurred along with disastrous collapsing and changes of mind. In any case, the whole available apparatus of structural and technological knowledge was exploited, leaving a large space to imagination and experimentation. On the other side, consolidated structural and architectural schemes were often taken from the rule of the art or from manuals. Technological innovation were always merged with the science of construction, with design and drawing – of the whole structure as well as of meticulous illustrations – and with a wise usage of traditional local materials. Stereotomy is the true heart of the vaulted construction. A precise science able to shape the constitutive material, the stone, with an absolute precision, useful not only to the statics of the system but also to the aesthetic output of the pushing structure. In this work many examples and constructive experiences are reported and compared. Furthermore, originalities and typologies are highlighted to show how the technical knowledge was highly transversal and shared, thanks to a large diffusion of ideas and artisans through the various countries.
2018
Settore ICAR/10 - Architettura Tecnica
978-84-697-7033-7
Campisi, T., Saeli, M. (2018). Building the space: vaults’ geometry and stereotomy. Materials and architectural technologies in the Mediterranean area. In REHABEND 2018 - Construction pathology, rehabilitation technology and heritage management (pp. 1290-1297). Caceres : University of Cantabria.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/295993
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