In school just like in life, the written communication skills are fundamental. These skills involve, especially, constructing texts for different uses and purposes, efficient elaboration of information and the correct use of linguistic expressions. Writing means knowing the rules of grammar but also reflecting on specific situations and contexts, considering the language functions, goals and communication needs. Increasingly, however, technology increases the problems which children and young people have to achieve correct and effective speeches, which are logically organized. To promote and evaluate written expressive competence (logical structuring of a text, flexibility, verbal fluency, critical sense, grammatical correctness, pragmatic awareness) in students between the ages of 8 and 12 years a specific training program was realized. The educational activities were conducted from March to June 2015, in the Palermo area. The didactic action provided a learning environment based on discussion and problem solving through team work. The generation of ideas was supported by the active search for information through reading of printed texts and digital tools (web quests). Writing review and correction, as well as decision-making process, was assisted by text planning strategies (idea lists, associative clusters, concept maps, semantic networks). Written composition, with a purpose and a real recipient was an authentic learning task because it stimulated team work and encouraged material sharing and knowledge transformation. The investigation was realized with two different almost-experimental designs: a single recurrent group with an interrupted time series and another with a control group with similar characteristics. Data collection was carried out through observation instruments, some already validated and others created ad hoc. Pre- and post-test performances were compared within the same group of student who participated in the enhancement activities by use of the discussion and the planning strategies. It was found that activities created in order to increase the skills of convergent, divergent and critical thinking improved the student’s written expressiveness, much more than in the control group, which did not use knowledge organization and construction tools also mediated by computers. Pragmatic awareness, practiced in a communicative situation in which the pupil writes for real recipients also improved. Writing with a specific purpose requires preparation of a clear and correct language, understandable text structuring, appropriate delivery according to the task and context; the tools of organizing and constructing are essential. Although the findings concern only experimental situations that cannot be generalized, the interventions taken confirmed the efficacy of the procedures used.

A scuola come nella vita, le capacità di comunicazione scritta sono fondamentali. Queste abilità riguardano soprattutto la costruzione di testi per usi e scopi diversi, l’elaborazione efficace delle informazioni, l’uso corretto della forma linguistica. Scrivere significa conoscere le regole grammaticali ma soprattutto riflettere sulle situazioni e sui contesti specifici di realizzazione, considerare le funzioni linguistiche, gli scopi e i bisogni comunicativi. Sempre più spesso lo sviluppo tecnologico alimenta le difficoltà di bambini e ragazzi di produrre discorsi corretti, coerenti e logicamente organizzati. Per promuovere e valutare la competenza espressiva scritta (strutturazione logica del testo, flessibilità ideativa, fluidità ideativa e verbale, senso critico, correttezza grammaticale, consapevolezza pragmatica) in studenti tra gli 8 e i 12 anni di età è stato realizzato uno specifico percorso formativo Le attività formative si sono svolte da marzo a giugno 2015, nella zona di Palermo. L’azione didattica ha previsto un contesto di apprendimento basato sulla discussione e su problemi reali con elaborazione congiunta. La generazione delle idee è stata favorita dalla ricerca attiva di informazioni attraverso la lettura di testi stampati e digitali e la consultazione di strumenti in rete (web quest). Revisione e correzione della scrittura, come pure il processo decisionale, sono stati coadiuvati da strategie di pianificazione del testo (liste delle idee, grappoli associativi, mappe concettuali, reti semantiche) a. La composizione scritta, secondo uno scopo e un destinatario, è stato il compito di apprendimento autentico perché stimola il lavoro di gruppo e incoraggia la condivisione di materiali e l’elaborazione delle informazioni. L’indagine è stata realizzata con due piani sperimentali diversi: quasi sperimentale con gruppo di controllo non equivalente; quasi sperimentale a serie temporali interrotte con gruppo unico ricorrente. La rilevazione dei dati è avvenuta tramite strumenti di osservazione sistematica, alcuni già validati altri costruiti ad hoc. Le prestazioni pre e post-test sono stati confrontati nello stesso gruppo di bambini che hanno partecipato alle attività di potenziamento con utilizzo della discussione e delle strategie di pianificazione. I dati ottenuti mostrano che le attività progettate per aumentare le abilità di pensiero convergente, divergente e critico, hanno fatto migliorare le capacità di espressione scritta negli alunni, molto di più di quelle che si possono rilevare nel gruppo di controllo, che non ha utilizzato strumenti di costruzione e organizzazione della conoscenza, anche mediate dal computer. Anche la consapevolezza pragmatica, che è stata esercitata in una situazione comunicativa in cui ciascuno scrive per destinatari reali, è migliorata. Infatti, scrivere per uno scopo specifico richiede la predisposizione di un discorso chiaro e corretto, strutturato in modo convincente e comprensibile, adeguato allo scopo e al contesto; l’ausilio di strumenti di organizzazione della composizione scritta è risultata essenziale. Pur rimanendo su un piano esperienziale, che fornisce dati non generalizzabili, l’attuazione degli interventi ha consentito di precisare l’adeguatezza delle procedure utilizzate.

Anello, F. (2016). EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF DISCUSSION AND TEXT PLANNING STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE AND ASSESS WRITTEN COMMMUNICATION SKILLS. In EDULEARN16 Proceedings (pp. 1184-1193). Barcelona : IATED Academy, International Association of Technology Education and Development [10.21125/edulearn.2016.1246].

EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF DISCUSSION AND TEXT PLANNING STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE AND ASSESS WRITTEN COMMMUNICATION SKILLS

ANELLO, Francesca
2016-01-01

Abstract

In school just like in life, the written communication skills are fundamental. These skills involve, especially, constructing texts for different uses and purposes, efficient elaboration of information and the correct use of linguistic expressions. Writing means knowing the rules of grammar but also reflecting on specific situations and contexts, considering the language functions, goals and communication needs. Increasingly, however, technology increases the problems which children and young people have to achieve correct and effective speeches, which are logically organized. To promote and evaluate written expressive competence (logical structuring of a text, flexibility, verbal fluency, critical sense, grammatical correctness, pragmatic awareness) in students between the ages of 8 and 12 years a specific training program was realized. The educational activities were conducted from March to June 2015, in the Palermo area. The didactic action provided a learning environment based on discussion and problem solving through team work. The generation of ideas was supported by the active search for information through reading of printed texts and digital tools (web quests). Writing review and correction, as well as decision-making process, was assisted by text planning strategies (idea lists, associative clusters, concept maps, semantic networks). Written composition, with a purpose and a real recipient was an authentic learning task because it stimulated team work and encouraged material sharing and knowledge transformation. The investigation was realized with two different almost-experimental designs: a single recurrent group with an interrupted time series and another with a control group with similar characteristics. Data collection was carried out through observation instruments, some already validated and others created ad hoc. Pre- and post-test performances were compared within the same group of student who participated in the enhancement activities by use of the discussion and the planning strategies. It was found that activities created in order to increase the skills of convergent, divergent and critical thinking improved the student’s written expressiveness, much more than in the control group, which did not use knowledge organization and construction tools also mediated by computers. Pragmatic awareness, practiced in a communicative situation in which the pupil writes for real recipients also improved. Writing with a specific purpose requires preparation of a clear and correct language, understandable text structuring, appropriate delivery according to the task and context; the tools of organizing and constructing are essential. Although the findings concern only experimental situations that cannot be generalized, the interventions taken confirmed the efficacy of the procedures used.
2016
Settore M-PED/03 - Didattica E Pedagogia Speciale
Settore M-PED/04 - Pedagogia Sperimentale
Anello, F. (2016). EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF DISCUSSION AND TEXT PLANNING STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE AND ASSESS WRITTEN COMMMUNICATION SKILLS. In EDULEARN16 Proceedings (pp. 1184-1193). Barcelona : IATED Academy, International Association of Technology Education and Development [10.21125/edulearn.2016.1246].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/207295
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