Since the most ancient times, humans have always exploited natural growth and elements for their building purposes: nature, in general, inspired and taught a number of constructive rules that have been historically employed in construction. Some of the numerous arboreal species have represented a matter of fact for the primitive constructions and, later on, for the classical architectural styles. There are many examples of primitive shelters, or even real and proper constructions, made of natural elements and materials assembled in a specific way. Those primitive buildings used to recall nature in its flourishing development and accurate equilibrium. Classical architecture and decoration too, exploited for centuries till the modern and contemporary architecture, are evident examples on how the natural world inspired construction: from lotus or acanthus leaves for capitals or plinths, from trees’ trunks and branches for columns and epistyles, etc. Since the Roman times, and even with a major emphasis and attention in the modern age, trees’ laws of growth enraptured treatisers and philosophers as Giovanni Biagio Amico or John Ruskin, and architects as Jacques-François Blondel or Dominique Perrault in France, Giovan Battista Filippo Basile or Damiani Almeyda in Italy, or, to continue, Pierluigi Nervi, Frank Lloyd Wright and Santiago Calatrava, just to mention some of the most contemporary and prominent personalities. Even entire architectural styles were strongly influenced by natural world as the aforementioned classical architecture, as well as the gothics Portuguese Manueline or Sicilian Catalan styles, etc. Still nowadays plants surprise and fascinate experts and laymen for their stately, luxuriant and mighty structure that is often characterized by a complicated interlacement of roots, trunks, and branches that simulate arches, vaults or pillars and even a complete shelter or a reassuring protection in their thick and tangled reticulated work. Taking motion from natural plants’ growth, with a particular reference to the trees of Ficus magnolioides in Palermo that are regarded to be the largest and oldest in Europe of such a species, we will analyse and compare many structural, architectural and decorative principles and elements adopted in architecture and intended for a good constructive practice. Such a vast and fascinating repertory gives us the basis to a deeper understanding of the architectural design through the centuries, from the most primitive times to the closest contemporary age and, at the same time, gives us the possibility to take inspiration in a more conscious and reliable way during our constructive/architectural design process.

Sin dai tempi antichi si sono sfruttati gli alberi ed altri elementi vegetali per scopi costruttivi: la natura, in generale, è stata di ispirazione e ha insegnato una serie di regole, a lungo imitate ed applicate. Alcune delle numerose specie arboree hanno rappresentato, infatti, degli esempi per le costruzioni primitive e, successivamente, per gli stili architettonici classici: possiamo annoverare i primi rifugi estemporanei ed ispirati a criteri di urgenza e praticità, o anche ben più ragionati edifici, fatti di elementi vegetali assemblati fra di loro. Questi manufatti architettonici richiamavano la natura nel suo fiorente sviluppo e nel sapiente e preciso equilibrio. L’architettura classica - anche nei suoi elementi decorativi - si è ispirata alle espressioni figurative tipiche del mondo naturale: foglie e fiori di loto o foglie d'acanto per capitelli, tronchi interi e fasciformi e ramificazioni di alberi per le colonne e pilastri, per i cavalletti e puntoni, elementi di sostegno e rinforzo, etc. Dall’architettura romana sino età moderna, le leggi di crescita degli alberi venivano richiamate dai trattatisti e dai letterati, come Giovanni Amico o John Ruskin, architetti del pari di Jacques-François Blondel o Dominique Perrault in Francia, Giovan Battista Filippo Basile o Giuseppe Damiani Almeyda in Italia; ancora Pierluigi Nervi, Frank Lloyd Wright e Santiago Calatrava, solo per citare alcune delle personalità più rappresentative nel corso dei secoli e in epoca contemporanea. Anche gli stili architettonici sono stati fortemente influenzati dal mondo naturale: dalla già citata architettura classica, al Gotico portoghese manuelino o a quello catalano siciliano, etc. Ancora oggi le piante sorprendono e affascinano per la loro struttura maestosa, rigogliosa e potente che è spesso caratterizzata da un intreccio complicato di radici, tronchi e rami che simulano archi, volte o pilastri e anche un riparo ed una protezione rassicurante nella loro spessa chioma. Prendendo spunto dalla crescita di alcune specie arboree, con particolare riferimento ai Ficus magnolioides di Palermo, alcuni dei quali sono considerati i più grandi e antichi d'Europa, si analizzano e confrontano i principi strutturali, gli elementi architettonici e decorativi adottati in natura e nella costruzione architettonica, che scandiscono ora la regola dell’arte e i precetti della buona pratica costruttiva. Tale vasto e affascinante repertorio fornisce una base di conoscenza utile ad una migliore comprensione del progetto architettonico attraverso i secoli, offrendo la possibilità di prendere ancora oggi ispirazione dalla natura per un più consapevole e affidabile processo di progettazione costruttivo/architettonico.

Campisi, T., Saeli, M. (2016). TAKING INSPIRATION FROM NATURE: RULES AND PROCEDURES FOR A GOOD BUILDING PRACTICE. In ARCHDESIGN'16 : III International Architectural Design Conference on Design and Nature (pp. 13-24). Istanbul : DAKAM Publishing.

TAKING INSPIRATION FROM NATURE: RULES AND PROCEDURES FOR A GOOD BUILDING PRACTICE

CAMPISI, Tiziana
;
SAELI, Manfredi
2016-01-01

Abstract

Since the most ancient times, humans have always exploited natural growth and elements for their building purposes: nature, in general, inspired and taught a number of constructive rules that have been historically employed in construction. Some of the numerous arboreal species have represented a matter of fact for the primitive constructions and, later on, for the classical architectural styles. There are many examples of primitive shelters, or even real and proper constructions, made of natural elements and materials assembled in a specific way. Those primitive buildings used to recall nature in its flourishing development and accurate equilibrium. Classical architecture and decoration too, exploited for centuries till the modern and contemporary architecture, are evident examples on how the natural world inspired construction: from lotus or acanthus leaves for capitals or plinths, from trees’ trunks and branches for columns and epistyles, etc. Since the Roman times, and even with a major emphasis and attention in the modern age, trees’ laws of growth enraptured treatisers and philosophers as Giovanni Biagio Amico or John Ruskin, and architects as Jacques-François Blondel or Dominique Perrault in France, Giovan Battista Filippo Basile or Damiani Almeyda in Italy, or, to continue, Pierluigi Nervi, Frank Lloyd Wright and Santiago Calatrava, just to mention some of the most contemporary and prominent personalities. Even entire architectural styles were strongly influenced by natural world as the aforementioned classical architecture, as well as the gothics Portuguese Manueline or Sicilian Catalan styles, etc. Still nowadays plants surprise and fascinate experts and laymen for their stately, luxuriant and mighty structure that is often characterized by a complicated interlacement of roots, trunks, and branches that simulate arches, vaults or pillars and even a complete shelter or a reassuring protection in their thick and tangled reticulated work. Taking motion from natural plants’ growth, with a particular reference to the trees of Ficus magnolioides in Palermo that are regarded to be the largest and oldest in Europe of such a species, we will analyse and compare many structural, architectural and decorative principles and elements adopted in architecture and intended for a good constructive practice. Such a vast and fascinating repertory gives us the basis to a deeper understanding of the architectural design through the centuries, from the most primitive times to the closest contemporary age and, at the same time, gives us the possibility to take inspiration in a more conscious and reliable way during our constructive/architectural design process.
2016
Settore ICAR/10 - Architettura Tecnica
978-605-9207-26-3
Campisi, T., Saeli, M. (2016). TAKING INSPIRATION FROM NATURE: RULES AND PROCEDURES FOR A GOOD BUILDING PRACTICE. In ARCHDESIGN'16 : III International Architectural Design Conference on Design and Nature (pp. 13-24). Istanbul : DAKAM Publishing.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/179523
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