The Cities of Tomorrow

In 2007, France took responsibility for the climate and ecological crisis that hit the globe by launching the Grenelle Environnement, endeavouring to take concrete actions to achieve the sustainable development goals. The strategy was developed around six working groups to put forward proposals in these fields: fight against climate change and control of energy use, protection of biodiversity and natural resources, environmental health, sustainability of means of production and consumption trends, building of an “ecological democracy”, research and promotion of sustainable development forms promoting employment and competitiveness. Owing to the urge to take action against the degradation of the entire planet, Loi Grenelle was issued in 2009, putting forward measures linked with energy, construction, transport system, biodiversity and natural environment, governance and environmental as well as health risks. The goal is to accelerate the undertaking of responsibility on the part of all stakeholders as regards the new challenges posed by the need for sustainable development in order to ensure stability of economy and society. Followed by the Loi Grenelle II in 2010, with further environmental commitments that completes, enforces, “territorialise” and declines the previous law.