Comparative Study of Different Populations of Oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum) Found in Sicily

Oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum) is one of the most popular aromatic species used in Mediterranean cuisine. In addition to its use for culinary and ornamental purposes, it is also known as a medicinal plant for its antispasmodic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and expectorant properties. A number of wild oregano populations were found in various areas of Sicily. Representative samples of the different populations at flowering stage were collected at varying altitudes between 60 and 1000 m a.s.l. in 2004 an 2005. The samples were processed to evaluate the quantity and quality of the production, as well as the essential oil composition. Significant differences were found between the populations of oregano along the altitudinal transects. At the lowest altitude level (0-400 m a.s.l.) the plants had a greater height, dry weight and number of branches/plant, as well as a greater leaf percentages compared to the plants at the highest altitudes. However, altitude had no significant influence on essential oil’s yield and qualitative properties.