DIGITAL TWIN BASED FRAMEWORK FOR ROCKFALL HAZARD ASSESSMENT: REMOTE ANALYSIS OF AN URBAN CLIFF IN PALERMO (ITALY)

Rockfall phenomena influence human activities in areas where anthropic expansion reaches the slopes of the reliefs. The rockfall hazard assessment is particularly required when exposed elements exist in the area, causing the conditions for a risk scenario. Since direct data acquisition (i.e., in contact with the rock face) for rockfall hazard characterization is not always feasible due to logistical constraints and exposure to the factors generating the hazard, indirect (i.e., remote) approaches have emerged over the past decades as a reliable solution. The main goal of these approaches is to generate a three-dimensional model of the analyzed rock mass, making it possible to extract parameters for the characterization of discontinuity systems and to perform stability analyses remotely.