Italy

Summary: 1. The constitutional protection of personal freedom. - 1.1. A little history: united Italy and the Albertine Statute. - 1.2. The current situation: the Constitution of 1948.- 1.1.1. Inviolability of personal freedom and guarantees of Habeas Corpus. - 1.1.2. Presumption of innocence and rule of treatment. - 2. Active enforcement: the system of personal precautionary measures. - 2.1. Non-custodial precautionary measures. - 2.2. Custodial precautionary measures. - 2.3. The operational core of the system. - 2.3.1. The requirement of proof: serious evidence of guilt. - 2.3.2. Precautionary needs. - 2.3.3. The selection criteria. – 3. Precautionary proceedings. - 3.1. Internal regulations. - 3.1.1. The procedural core: the principle of the application, decision on custody and review examination. - 3.1.2. The mechanism for amending or revoking the measure. - 3.1.3. Contesting precautionary orders. - 3.1.3.1. Review. - 3.1.3.2. Appeals against precautionary measures and appeal to the supreme court. - 3.1.4. Remedies for false imprisonment. - 3.2. International relations: passive extradition and precautionary mechanisms.