This paper outlines the "Otherwise Method", an original action-research methodology which combines legal philosophy with legal anthropology. The author, however, does not limit herself to describing it abstractly, but also reports on its specific application on the topic of economic institutions in the Madonie region (in the province of Palermo), as part of the PRIN PNNR "One Too Many Moneys." The Otherwise Method is based on a constructivist conception of social reality (J. Searle) and on C. Castoriadis's hypothesis of an instituting function of the imagination (C. Castoriadis). Like the Baconian scientific method, it is divided into two phases (pars deconstruens and pars reconstruens) but differs from it because it does not aim to describe brute facts, but rather to imagining, and through imagination, produce a social ontology. Specifically, this Method aims to generate "heretical" institutions (in the sense of alternatives to in force ones) and "convivial" too, in the sense proposed by Ivan Illich and further developed by the author herself with respect to four parameters (means/ends dialectic; user/tool relationship; geometries of power; desire). The "convivial" character stands in contrast to the "manipulative" one on a spectrum in which the same institution (broadly understood as a social practice) can move from one direction to another. The action-research to pilote the Otherwise Method involved a large population of the Madonie, various associations, and local institutions. Besides young people from the schools, the most active component was undoubtedly represented by dozens of mostly elderly women. During the numerous legal-political imagination workshops conducted, the participants, acting as co-researchers: a. They identified several modes of non-monetary economic exchange that were widespread among Madonie farmers until the 1970s, in particular among women, and some of which are still present today (practices of the gift economy according to M. Mauss, barter, volunteering, the sharing economy, or the revival of agricultural mutualism among neo-ruralists); b. they reflected on the impact of monetary and non-monetary exchanges on the relational and community level; d. and they imagined and "constituted" a new institution (the generous fair), which effectively took shape, attracting local residents, journalists, and curious. The choice of a spatially marginal research field, such as the inland areas of Southern Italy, allowed them to draw on customary practices that were "heretical" to the formalized and dominant economic model, fostering a critical view of the existing situation. Furthermore, the experiment served as a living laboratory for observing the birth of an institution and its related nomrs development in a bottom-up process.

Lo scritto delinea un originale metodo di ricerca-azione, il “Metodo dell’Altrimenti”, che sposa la filosofia del diritto con l’antropologia giuridica. L’autrice, tuttavia, non si limita a descriverlo astrattamente, ma dà conto di una sua specifica applicazione sul tema delle istituzioni economiche svoltasi nel territorio delle Alte Madonie, nella provincia di Palermo, nell’ambito del PRIN PNNR "One Too Many Moneys". Il metodo si fonda su una concezione costruttivista della realtà sociale (J. Searle) e sull’ipotesi di C. Castoriadis di una funzione istituente dell’immaginazione (C. Castoriadis). Analogamente al metodo scientifico baconiano, si articola in due fasi (pars deconstruens e pars reconstruens) ma si distingue da esso per il fatto di non mirare a descrivere la realtà naturale, bensì a istituire un’ontologia sociale. E, nello specifico, mira a generare istituzioni “eretiche” (nel senso di alternative a quelle vigenti) e “conviviali”, nell’accezione proposta da Ivan Illich e ulteriormente sviluppata dall’autrice stessa rispetto a quattro parametri (dialettica mezzi/fini; relazione utente/strumento; geometrie di potere; desiderio). Il carattere “conviviale” si pone in antitesi a quello “manipolativo” su uno spettro nel quale una medesima istituzione (intesa in senso lato come pratica sociale) può muoversi da una direzione all’altra. La ricerca-azione – svolta applicando il metodo dell’altrimenti – ha coinvolto un’ampia fetta di popolazione madonita, diverse realtà associative e istituzioni locali. Oltre i giovani delle scuole, la componente certamente più attiva era rappresentata da decine di donne prevalentemente anziane dell’Auser. Durante i numerosi laboratori di immaginazione giuridico-politica che sono stati condotti, i partecipanti nel ruolo di co-ricercatori: a. hanno individuato diverse modalità di scambio economico senza denaro molto diffuse tra i contadini madoniti fino agli anni ’70 e alcune tuttora presenti (pratiche di economia del dono secondo l’accezione di M. Mauss, di baratto, di volontariato, di sharing economy o si riattualizzazione tra i neo-rurali del mutualismo agricolo); b. hanno riflettuto sull’impatto sul piano relazionale e comunitario degli scambi monetari e non monetari e c. hanno infine immaginato e “costituito” una nuova istituzione (la fiera generosa) che ha preso effettivamente corpo attirando abitanti del luogo, giornalisti e curiosi. La scelta di un campo di ricerca spazialmente marginale, come le aree interne del Meridione italiano, ha permesso di attingere a pratiche consuetudinarie “eretiche” rispetto al modello economico formalizzato e dominante, fertilizzando lo sguardo critico verso l’esistente. Inoltre l’esperimento ha rappresentato un laboratorio vivente per osservare la nascita di un’istituzione e della relativa elaborazione normativa dal basso.

Bartoli, C. (2026). Esperimenti di economia eretica e conviviale. In A. Di Stasio, I. Pupolizio (a cura di), La battaglia per la moneta: teorie, istituzioni, pratiche (pp. 237-259). Pisa : Pacini Giuridica.

Esperimenti di economia eretica e conviviale

Bartoli, Clelia
2026-01-01

Abstract

This paper outlines the "Otherwise Method", an original action-research methodology which combines legal philosophy with legal anthropology. The author, however, does not limit herself to describing it abstractly, but also reports on its specific application on the topic of economic institutions in the Madonie region (in the province of Palermo), as part of the PRIN PNNR "One Too Many Moneys." The Otherwise Method is based on a constructivist conception of social reality (J. Searle) and on C. Castoriadis's hypothesis of an instituting function of the imagination (C. Castoriadis). Like the Baconian scientific method, it is divided into two phases (pars deconstruens and pars reconstruens) but differs from it because it does not aim to describe brute facts, but rather to imagining, and through imagination, produce a social ontology. Specifically, this Method aims to generate "heretical" institutions (in the sense of alternatives to in force ones) and "convivial" too, in the sense proposed by Ivan Illich and further developed by the author herself with respect to four parameters (means/ends dialectic; user/tool relationship; geometries of power; desire). The "convivial" character stands in contrast to the "manipulative" one on a spectrum in which the same institution (broadly understood as a social practice) can move from one direction to another. The action-research to pilote the Otherwise Method involved a large population of the Madonie, various associations, and local institutions. Besides young people from the schools, the most active component was undoubtedly represented by dozens of mostly elderly women. During the numerous legal-political imagination workshops conducted, the participants, acting as co-researchers: a. They identified several modes of non-monetary economic exchange that were widespread among Madonie farmers until the 1970s, in particular among women, and some of which are still present today (practices of the gift economy according to M. Mauss, barter, volunteering, the sharing economy, or the revival of agricultural mutualism among neo-ruralists); b. they reflected on the impact of monetary and non-monetary exchanges on the relational and community level; d. and they imagined and "constituted" a new institution (the generous fair), which effectively took shape, attracting local residents, journalists, and curious. The choice of a spatially marginal research field, such as the inland areas of Southern Italy, allowed them to draw on customary practices that were "heretical" to the formalized and dominant economic model, fostering a critical view of the existing situation. Furthermore, the experiment served as a living laboratory for observing the birth of an institution and its related nomrs development in a bottom-up process.
2026
Bartoli, C. (2026). Esperimenti di economia eretica e conviviale. In A. Di Stasio, I. Pupolizio (a cura di), La battaglia per la moneta: teorie, istituzioni, pratiche (pp. 237-259). Pisa : Pacini Giuridica.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/708964
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