The search for sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be significantly advanced through a multimessenger approach, which seeks to detect the gamma-rays that accompany neutrinos as they are produced at their sources. Multimessenger observations have so far provided the first evidence for a neutrino source, illustrated by the joint detection of the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 in high-energy (E > 1 GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-rays in coincidence with the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A, identified by IceCube. Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), namely FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS, continue to conduct extensive neutrino target-of-opportunity follow-up programs. These programs have two components: follow-up observations of single astrophysical neutrino candidate events (such as IceCube-170922A), and observation of known gamma-ray sources after the identification of a cluster of neutrino events by IceCube. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of follow-up observations of high-energy neutrino events observed by the four IACTs between 2017 September (after the IceCube-170922A event) and 2021 January. Our study found no associations between gamma-ray sources and the observed neutrino events. We provide a detailed overview of each neutrino event and its potential counterparts. Furthermore, a joint analysis of all IACT data is included, yielding combined upper limits on the VHE gamma-ray flux.

Abhir, J., Biland, A., Brand, K., Bretz, T., Dorner, D., Eisenberger, L., et al. (2026). Prompt Searches for Very-high-energy γ-Ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 997(2) [10.3847/1538-4357/ae2c4e].

Prompt Searches for Very-high-energy γ-Ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts

M. Mallamaci;
2026-01-20

Abstract

The search for sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be significantly advanced through a multimessenger approach, which seeks to detect the gamma-rays that accompany neutrinos as they are produced at their sources. Multimessenger observations have so far provided the first evidence for a neutrino source, illustrated by the joint detection of the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 in high-energy (E > 1 GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-rays in coincidence with the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A, identified by IceCube. Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), namely FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS, continue to conduct extensive neutrino target-of-opportunity follow-up programs. These programs have two components: follow-up observations of single astrophysical neutrino candidate events (such as IceCube-170922A), and observation of known gamma-ray sources after the identification of a cluster of neutrino events by IceCube. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of follow-up observations of high-energy neutrino events observed by the four IACTs between 2017 September (after the IceCube-170922A event) and 2021 January. Our study found no associations between gamma-ray sources and the observed neutrino events. We provide a detailed overview of each neutrino event and its potential counterparts. Furthermore, a joint analysis of all IACT data is included, yielding combined upper limits on the VHE gamma-ray flux.
20-gen-2026
Settore PHYS-05/A - Astrofisica, cosmologia e scienza dello spazio
Abhir, J., Biland, A., Brand, K., Bretz, T., Dorner, D., Eisenberger, L., et al. (2026). Prompt Searches for Very-high-energy γ-Ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 997(2) [10.3847/1538-4357/ae2c4e].
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
Abhir_2026_ApJ_997_141.pdf

accesso aperto

Descrizione: articolo
Tipologia: Versione Editoriale
Dimensione 4.76 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
4.76 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/708787
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 0
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 0
social impact