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Archivio istituzionale della ricerca dell'Università degli Studi di Palermo
The search for sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be significantly advanced through a multimessenger approach, which seeks to detect the gamma-rays that accompany neutrinos as they are produced at their sources. Multimessenger observations have so far provided the first evidence for a neutrino source, illustrated by the joint detection of the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 in high-energy (E > 1 GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-rays in coincidence with the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A, identified by IceCube. Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), namely FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS, continue to conduct extensive neutrino target-of-opportunity follow-up programs. These programs have two components: follow-up observations of single astrophysical neutrino candidate events (such as IceCube-170922A), and observation of known gamma-ray sources after the identification of a cluster of neutrino events by IceCube. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of follow-up observations of high-energy neutrino events observed by the four IACTs between 2017 September (after the IceCube-170922A event) and 2021 January. Our study found no associations between gamma-ray sources and the observed neutrino events. We provide a detailed overview of each neutrino event and its potential counterparts. Furthermore, a joint analysis of all IACT data is included, yielding combined upper limits on the VHE gamma-ray flux.
Abhir, J., Biland, A., Brand, K., Bretz, T., Dorner, D., Eisenberger, L., et al. (2026). Prompt Searches for Very-high-energy γ-Ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 997(2) [10.3847/1538-4357/ae2c4e].
Prompt Searches for Very-high-energy γ-Ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts
J. Abhir;A. Biland;K. Brand;T. Bretz;D. Dorner;L. Eisenberger;D. Elsaesser;P. Günther;S. Hasan;D. Hildebrand;K. Mannheim;M. Linhoff;F. Pfeifle;W. Rhode;B. Schleicher;V. Sliusar;M. Vorbrugg;R. Walter (FACT Collaboration);F. Aharonian;F. Ait Benkhali;J. Aschersleben;H. Ashkar;M. Backes;V. Barbosa Martins;R. Batzofin;Y. Becherini;D. Berge;M. Böttcher;C. Boisson;J. Bolmont;J. Borowska;R. Brose;A. Brown;F. Brun;B. Bruno;S. Casanova;J. Celic;M. Cerruti;A. Chen;M. Chernyakova;J. Chibueze;O. Chibueze;B. Cornejo;G. Cotter;G. Cozzolongo;J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye;J. de Assis Scarpin;A. Delgado Giles;A. Djannati-Ataï;J. Djuvsland;A. Dmytriiev;K. Egberts;K. Egg;S. Einecke;J. -P. Ernenwein;C. Escañuela Nieves;K. Feijen;M. Filipovic;G. Fontaine;S. Funk;S. Gabici;J. F. Glicenstein;P. Goswami;G. Grolleron;B. Hess;J. A. Hinton;M. Holler;M. Jamrozy;F. Jankowsky;I. Jung-Richardt;E. Kasai;K. Katarzyński;H. Katjaita;D. Kerszberg;R. Khatoon;B. Khélifi;W. Kluźniak;Nu. Komin;R. Konno;K. Kosack;D. Kostunin;G. Kukec Mezek;R. G. Lang;A. Lemière;M. Lemoine-Goumard;J. -P. Lenain;A. Luashvili;J. Mackey;V. Marandon;G. Martí-Devesa;R. Marx;M. Mayer;A. Mehta;A. Mitchell;R. Moderski;M. O. Moghadam;L. Mohrmann;E. Moulin;M. de Naurois;J. Niemiec;E. de Ona Wilhelmi;S. Panny;M. Panter;R. D. Parsons;U. Pensec;P. Pichard;G. Pühlhofer;M. Punch;A. Quirrenbach;M. Regeard;O. Reimer;H. Ren;F. Rieger;G. Rowell;B. Rudak;K. Sabri;V. Sahakian;H. Salzmann;M. Sasaki;J. Schäfer;F. Schüssler;H. M. Schutte;M. Senniappan;J. N. S. Shapopi;A. Sharma;H. Sol;S. Spencer;Ł. Stawarz;R. Steenkamp;S. Steinmassl;C. Steppa;T. Takahashi;T. Tanaka;A. M. Taylor;M. Tsirou;C. van Eldik;M. Vecchi;C. Venter;J. Vink;T. Wach;S. J. Wagner;A. Wierzcholska;M. Zacharias;A. A. Zdziarski;A. Zech;N. Żywucka (H. E. S. S. Collaboration);S. Abe;J. Abhir;A. Abhishek;A. Aguasca-Cabot;I. Agudo;T. Aniello;S. Ansoldi;L. A. Antonelli;A. Arbet Engels;C. Arcaro;M. Artero;K. Asano;A. Babić;C. Bakshi;U. Barres de Almeida;J. A. Barrio;L. Barrios-Jiménez;I. 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Sommani;C. Spannfellner;G. M. Spiczak;C. Spiering;J. Stachurska;M. Stamatikos;T. Stanev;T. Stezelberger;T. Stürwald;T. Stuttard;G. W. Sullivan;I. Taboada;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;A. Thakuri;M. Thiesmeyer;W. G. Thompson;J. Thwaites;S. Tilav;K. Tollefson;S. Toscano;D. Tosi;A. Trettin;A. K. Upadhyay;K. Upshaw;A. Vaidyanathan;N. Valtonen-Mattila;J. Valverde;J. Vandenbroucke;T. Van Eeden;N. van Eijndhoven;L. Van Rootselaar;J. van Santen;J. Vara;F. Varsi;M. Venugopal;M. Vereecken;S. Vergara Carrasco;S. Verpoest;D. Veske;A. Vijai;J. Villarreal;C. Walck;A. Wang;E. H. S. Warrick;C. Weaver;P. Weigel;A. Weindl;J. Weldert;A. Y. Wen;C. Wendt;J. Werthebach;M. Weyrauch;N. Whitehorn;C. H. Wiebusch;D. R. Williams;L. Witthaus;M. Wolf;G. Wrede;X. W. Xu;J. P. Yanez;Y. Yao;E. Yildizci;S. Yoshida;R. Young;F. Yu;S. Yu;T. Yuan;A. Zander Jurowitzki;A. Zegarelli;S. Zhang;Z. Zhang;P. Zhelnin;P. Zilberman;F. D’Ammando;and (IceCube Collaboration)
2026-01-20
Abstract
The search for sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be significantly advanced through a multimessenger approach, which seeks to detect the gamma-rays that accompany neutrinos as they are produced at their sources. Multimessenger observations have so far provided the first evidence for a neutrino source, illustrated by the joint detection of the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 in high-energy (E > 1 GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-rays in coincidence with the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A, identified by IceCube. Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), namely FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS, continue to conduct extensive neutrino target-of-opportunity follow-up programs. These programs have two components: follow-up observations of single astrophysical neutrino candidate events (such as IceCube-170922A), and observation of known gamma-ray sources after the identification of a cluster of neutrino events by IceCube. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of follow-up observations of high-energy neutrino events observed by the four IACTs between 2017 September (after the IceCube-170922A event) and 2021 January. Our study found no associations between gamma-ray sources and the observed neutrino events. We provide a detailed overview of each neutrino event and its potential counterparts. Furthermore, a joint analysis of all IACT data is included, yielding combined upper limits on the VHE gamma-ray flux.
Abhir, J., Biland, A., Brand, K., Bretz, T., Dorner, D., Eisenberger, L., et al. (2026). Prompt Searches for Very-high-energy γ-Ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 997(2) [10.3847/1538-4357/ae2c4e].
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