Non Food Applications of cardamom

In recent years, research increasingly requires a multidisciplinary approach. The study of food and raw materials is no longer limited to foods and nutraceuticals f ields, but new applications must be evaluated and applied (Durazzo & Lucarini, 2019). Novel analytical techniques have been developed to elucidate the structure of active molecules (Ramadan et al., 2021). Furthermore, new and innovative applications appear possible in line with technological advances. Nanotechnologies are new and promising frontiers in various scientific disciplines, i.e., pharmaceuti cal, nutraceutical, and agricultural ones (Souto et al., 2020; Yeung et al., 2020; Blanco- Llamero et al., 2022; Zielińska et al., 2020; Santos et al., 2023). Nanoparticles‘biological synthesis is considered an ecofriendly and easily scaled up technology (Singh et al., 2016). On the other hand, then environmental sustain ability and the recovery of waste are a further necessity, in line with the biorefinery approach and circular economy. Using chemical products in industries substantially impacts the environment and human health, and the replacement of these with natural products could be an important solution (Ahsan et al., 2020). For example, plant extracts as an insecticide could be essential in public health and urban pest management and as crop protec tants for medicinal and food crops grown in controlled environments