The paper investigates the effects of digitalization on trade union dynamics and industrial relations, showing how the introduction of digital technologies, the automation of production processes, and the rise of platform-based labor have significantly reshaped the structural balance between capital and labor. The erosion of traditional workplace boundaries, the fragmentation of work performance, and the opacity inherent in algorithmic management systems weaken the aggregative and representative functions of trade unions, thereby diminishing their capacity for collective bargaining and worker protection. At the same time, the digital environment generates new forms of participation and mobilization, giving rise to unprecedented modalities of collective con(ict&– such as netstrikes and cyber picket lines&– which require a renewed interpretation of the right to strike and of trade union freedoms considering ongoing technological transformations. Attention is devoted to the phenomenon of technological strikebreaking, understood as an employer practice that employs digital or automated tools to neutralize or mitigate the effects of collective action, with potentially significant repercussions for the substantive effectiveness of labor conflict. The analysis concludes by arguing for a dual trajectory of reform: on the one hand, a cultural and organizational renewal within trade unions, directed toward the acquisition of digital competencies and the development of innovative representational practices; on the other, a regulatory adjustment capable of ensuring the full effectiveness of collective rights in the digital economy and of preserving the role of organized labor as a guarantor of equilibrium and social justice in the algorithmic age.

Il contributo analizza l’incidenza della digitalizzazione sulle dinamiche sindacali e sulle relazioni industriali, evidenziando come l’introduzione di tecnologie digitali, l’automazione dei processi produttivi e la diffusione del lavoro tramite piattaforma abbiano profondamente modificato l’equilibrio tra capitale e lavoro. L’erosione dei confini tradizionali del luogo di lavoro, la frammentazione delle prestazioni e l’opacità dei sistemi algoritmici compromettono la funzione aggregativa e rappresentativa del sindacato, riducendone la capacità negoziale e di tutela collettiva. Parallelamente, l’ambiente digitale genera nuove forme di partecipazione e mobilitazione, delineando scenari inediti di conflitto collettivo online&– come il netstrike o la cyber picket line&– che sollecitano una rilettura del diritto di sciopero e delle libertà sindacali alla luce delle trasformazioni tecnologiche. Particolare attenzione è dedicata al fenomeno del crumiraggio tecnologico, quale pratica datoriale volta a neutralizzare gli effetti delle astensioni collettive mediante strumenti automatizzati e digitali, con conseguenze potenzialmente lesive dell’effettività del conflitto sindacale. L’analisi propone, in conclusione, la necessità di un duplice processo di rinnovamento: da un lato, una trasformazione culturale e organizzativa delle strutture sindacali, orientata all’acquisizione di competenze digitali e alla sperimentazione di nuovi linguaggi di rappresentanza; dall’altro, un adeguamento del quadro normativo volto a garantire la piena effettività dei diritti collettivi nell’economia digitale e a preservare il ruolo del sindacato quale attore di equilibrio e giustizia sociale nell’era dell’algoritmo.

De Marco, C. (2025). Le dinamiche sindacali al tempo della digitalizzazione. IL DIRITTO DEL MERCATO DEL LAVORO(3), 615-632.

Le dinamiche sindacali al tempo della digitalizzazione

De Marco, Cinzia
2025-01-01

Abstract

The paper investigates the effects of digitalization on trade union dynamics and industrial relations, showing how the introduction of digital technologies, the automation of production processes, and the rise of platform-based labor have significantly reshaped the structural balance between capital and labor. The erosion of traditional workplace boundaries, the fragmentation of work performance, and the opacity inherent in algorithmic management systems weaken the aggregative and representative functions of trade unions, thereby diminishing their capacity for collective bargaining and worker protection. At the same time, the digital environment generates new forms of participation and mobilization, giving rise to unprecedented modalities of collective con(ict&– such as netstrikes and cyber picket lines&– which require a renewed interpretation of the right to strike and of trade union freedoms considering ongoing technological transformations. Attention is devoted to the phenomenon of technological strikebreaking, understood as an employer practice that employs digital or automated tools to neutralize or mitigate the effects of collective action, with potentially significant repercussions for the substantive effectiveness of labor conflict. The analysis concludes by arguing for a dual trajectory of reform: on the one hand, a cultural and organizational renewal within trade unions, directed toward the acquisition of digital competencies and the development of innovative representational practices; on the other, a regulatory adjustment capable of ensuring the full effectiveness of collective rights in the digital economy and of preserving the role of organized labor as a guarantor of equilibrium and social justice in the algorithmic age.
2025
Settore GIUR-04/A - Diritto del lavoro
De Marco, C. (2025). Le dinamiche sindacali al tempo della digitalizzazione. IL DIRITTO DEL MERCATO DEL LAVORO(3), 615-632.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/702743
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