Strategies for derivatization and functionalization of halloysite nanotubes

In the relentless pursuit of advanced nanomaterials, nature offers some of the most elegant solutions. Among them, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) stand out as a remarkable contribution from the mineral kingdom. These naturally occurring aluminosilicate nanotubes, characterized by their unique tubular nanostructure, high aspect ratio, and inherent biocompatibility, have evolved beyond their traditional geological roles to become a cornerstone in the expanding field of nanotechnology. Historically, halloysite was primarily valued for industrial applications such as catalysis, ceramics, composites, and the paper industry. However, in recent decades, its true potential as a “smart” nanomaterial with superior functionalities has been revealed.