An Overview of How Virtual Reconstructions and Sound Simulation Can Improve Our Knowledge on Ancient Musical Instruments and Sound Heritage

This contribution provides an overview of how digital technologies, specifically 3D modelling and sound simulation, are revolutionizing the study of ancient musical instruments and sound heritage. By employing non-invasive computational methods, researchers can analyze the morphology and internal structures of fragile archaeological finds, effectively reviving ancient sound emissions and exploring past auditory experiences within their original cultural and social contexts. The integration of optical metrology, virtual reconstruction, and 3D printing allows for the testing of diverse organological hypotheses and facilitates global access to these "active preservation" models. Furthermore, the study extends to the reconstruction of historical soundscapes in ancient architectural spaces, such as sanctuaries and theatres, using auralisation technology and psychoacoustic analysis to investigate human interaction with the acoustic environment. Ultimately, this multidisciplinary framework—bridging archaeology, archaeomusicology, information engineering, and applied physics—offers a novel methodology for the understanding, preservation, and dissemination of sound as a vital form of cultural heritage.