Attachment as a Developmental Lens for Understanding Neurodivergence: A Clinical-Theoretical Proposal

The present manuscript proposes an integrative clinical-theoretical framework that explores neurodivergence through the lens of attachment theory, aiming to enrich our understanding of atypical developmental trajectories. Drawing from both classical Bowlby–Ainsworth models and contemporary contributions from developmental psychopathology and affec- tive neuroscience, I examine how early relational experiences shape the regulation of affect, intersubjectivity, and sensory processing in neurodivergent populations. Particular focus is given to autism spectrum conditions, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and sensory integration challenges, highlighting the interdependence between attachment patterns and core neurodevelopmental features. By reframing neurodivergence not merely as a deficit or disorder but as an expression of individual variation in neuro-affective development, the manuscript offers implications for diagnostic refinement, therapeutic alliance building, and psychoeducational planning. This interdisciplinary approach aims to foster a more inclusive and relationally attuned clinical paradigm that addresses both the strengths and vulnerabilities of neurodivergent children and adolescents.