The experience of “journey” and “walking” lies at the origin of every human experience. The etymological analysis allows us to trace the terminology of going far away to the Latin peregrinari and peregrinus, meaning one who travels afar—both derived from the adverb peregre, meaning “through the land” or “across the field.” These terms acquire both meaning and significance within the process of social change, across places and through sacred and profane spaces, where social actors create a virtual and real connection with their own “religiosity,” making it either public or private through the practice of pilgrimage. People and organizations, beliefs and rituals, values and symbols, traditions and acquisitions are capable of resisting the most drastic changes and adapting to those of lesser impact (Cipriani, 2012). In a society increasingly oriented toward secularization, we observe how journeys to sacred places have lost their strictly religious connotation. People embark on such journeys not only for spiritual reasons, but also to explore cultural and historical aspects, or simply to experience a deeper “spiritual” connection with themselves. This evolution has given rise to a form of secular pilgrimage, where the search for personal meaning, the exploration of nature, and the connection with one’s own identity become the main guiding principles of the journey upward. At the same time, some sacred sites have been transformed into tourist destinations, thus creating an experience that transcends spirituality to embrace aspects of entertainment and consumption. Secularization has led to a reinterpretation of pilgrimage, transforming it into a path in search of meaning and deeper spiritual connections, regardless of religious dimension. A multidisciplinary study of pilgrimage—from anthropology to sociology—using qualitative research methods (such as observation and field participation) could lead to a theoretical and pragmatic reconsideration of the modern concept of “liquidity” (of both the individual and society itself). Indeed, from a form of “liquid society” (Bauman, 2012) we might return to a more “structural” society, in which the social action of individuals requires “material,” “tangible” points of reference through which social actors can recognize and reconnect with one another. Thus, even within a society “alienated” by an excess of modernity, we would witness a new form of de-modernization and de-secularization, in which “spirituality”—a term distinct yet related to “religiosity”—influences social action toward a renewed sense of physical belonging, where the body, understood as matter, becomes the sole medium for the pilgrim’s ascetic experience. The sharing of values and tradition—where charisma is tied to a non-transferable personal power—represents a new process of transformation in social action, based on the sharing of one’s spirituality through the body. Resilience, therefore, is no longer linked solely to the spirit but also to the materiality of the body itself during pilgrimages. In fact, even the rituals performed during pilgrimages, once strictly tied to religion, now manifest in multiple forms. Individuals seek spirituality in places that hold deeply personal meaning in their lives—not necessarily tied to a sense of community, but belonging to lived experience through the body. The process of de-secularization involves the renegotiation of the boundaries between the religious and secular spheres in contemporary society, as well as the reduction of the public sphere in favor of a more private domain of action.

L’esperienza del “viaggio”, del “cammino”, è all’origine di ogni esperienza umana. L’analisi etimologica permette di selezionare le terminologie dell’andar lontano dal latino “peregrinari” e del “peregrinus” di colui che viaggia lontano, entrambe derivano dall’avverbio “peregre”: attraverso il territorio o il campo. Queste terminologie assumono un significato ed un significante nel processo del mutamento sociale, dei luoghi, degli spazi sacri e profani, nei quali gli attori sociali creano una connessione sia virtuale che reale della loro “religiosità” rendendola pubblica o privata attraverso il pellegrinaggio. Persone e organizzazioni, credenze e riti, valori e simboli, tradizioni e acquisizioni sono in grado di resistere ai cambiamenti più drastici e di adattarsi a quelli di minore incidenza (Cipriani, 2012). In una società sempre più orientata verso la secolarizzazione, osserviamo come i viaggi verso luoghi sacri perdano la loro connotazione strettamente religiosa. Le persone si avventurano in viaggi, non solo per ragioni spirituali, ma anche per esplorare aspetti culturali e storici, o semplicemente per sperimentare una connessione “spirituale” più profonda con sé stessi. Questa evoluzione ha dato vita a una forma di pellegrinaggio secolare, dove la ricerca di significato personale, l’esplorazione della natura e la connessione con la propria identità diventano le linee guida principali per il cammino verso l’alto. Allo stesso tempo, alcuni luoghi sacri si sono trasformati in destinazioni turistiche, creando così un’esperienza che va al di là della spiritualità per abbracciare aspetti di intrattenimento e di consumo. La secolarizzazione ha portato a una reinterpretazione del pellegrinaggio, trasformandolo in un cammino alla ricerca di significato e di connessioni spirituali più profonde, indipendentemente dalla dimensione religiosa. Lo studio sul pellegrinaggio in modo pluridisciplinare dall’antropologia alla sociologia, attraverso la ricerca qualitativa come metodologia di analisi (osservazione e partecipazione sul campo), porterebbe a riconsiderare un’inversione teorica e pragmatica del concetto moderno di “liquidità” (dell’individuo e della società stessa). Infatti, da una forma di “società liquida” (Bauman, 2012) si ritornerebbe a una società di tipo “strutturale” in cui l’agire sociale degli individui necessita di punti di riferimento “materiali”, “tangibili” nei quali gli attori sociali possano riconoscersi e ritrovarsi. Dunque, anche all’interno di una società “alienata” dall’eccesso di modernità si ritornerebbe a una nuova forma di de-modernizzazione de-secolarizzata: in cui la “spiritualità”, temine differente e affine a quello di “religiosità”, influenzerebbe l’agire degli attori sociali verso il senso di appartenenza fisico, laddove il corpo, inteso come materia, possa essere l’unico tramite per l’ascesi del peregrino. La condivisione dei valori e della tradizione, laddove al carisma è legato un potere personale non condivisibile, rappresentano un nuovo processo di mutamento dell’agire sociale, basato sulla condivisione della propria spiritualità attraverso il corpo. La capacità di resilienza, dunque, non è più legata soltanto allo spirito ma anche alla materialità del corpo stesso durante i pellegrinaggi. Infatti, anche i rituali durante i pellegrinaggi, strettamente legati alla religione, ora si manifestano in molteplici forme. Gli individui cercano la spiritualità in luoghi che hanno un significato strettamente personale per la loro vita, non necessariamente legato al senso di comunità ma che appartiene al vissuto attraverso l’esperienza corporea. Il processo di de-secolarizzazione coinvolge la rinegoziazione dei confini tra la sfera religiosa e quella secolare nella società contemporanea così come la riduzione della sfera pubblica a vantaggio dell’ambito privato di azione.

Salerno, R. (2024). Pellegrinaggi e de-secolarizzazione. DIALOGHI MEDITERRANEI.

Pellegrinaggi e de-secolarizzazione

Salerno Rossana
2024-03-01

Abstract

The experience of “journey” and “walking” lies at the origin of every human experience. The etymological analysis allows us to trace the terminology of going far away to the Latin peregrinari and peregrinus, meaning one who travels afar—both derived from the adverb peregre, meaning “through the land” or “across the field.” These terms acquire both meaning and significance within the process of social change, across places and through sacred and profane spaces, where social actors create a virtual and real connection with their own “religiosity,” making it either public or private through the practice of pilgrimage. People and organizations, beliefs and rituals, values and symbols, traditions and acquisitions are capable of resisting the most drastic changes and adapting to those of lesser impact (Cipriani, 2012). In a society increasingly oriented toward secularization, we observe how journeys to sacred places have lost their strictly religious connotation. People embark on such journeys not only for spiritual reasons, but also to explore cultural and historical aspects, or simply to experience a deeper “spiritual” connection with themselves. This evolution has given rise to a form of secular pilgrimage, where the search for personal meaning, the exploration of nature, and the connection with one’s own identity become the main guiding principles of the journey upward. At the same time, some sacred sites have been transformed into tourist destinations, thus creating an experience that transcends spirituality to embrace aspects of entertainment and consumption. Secularization has led to a reinterpretation of pilgrimage, transforming it into a path in search of meaning and deeper spiritual connections, regardless of religious dimension. A multidisciplinary study of pilgrimage—from anthropology to sociology—using qualitative research methods (such as observation and field participation) could lead to a theoretical and pragmatic reconsideration of the modern concept of “liquidity” (of both the individual and society itself). Indeed, from a form of “liquid society” (Bauman, 2012) we might return to a more “structural” society, in which the social action of individuals requires “material,” “tangible” points of reference through which social actors can recognize and reconnect with one another. Thus, even within a society “alienated” by an excess of modernity, we would witness a new form of de-modernization and de-secularization, in which “spirituality”—a term distinct yet related to “religiosity”—influences social action toward a renewed sense of physical belonging, where the body, understood as matter, becomes the sole medium for the pilgrim’s ascetic experience. The sharing of values and tradition—where charisma is tied to a non-transferable personal power—represents a new process of transformation in social action, based on the sharing of one’s spirituality through the body. Resilience, therefore, is no longer linked solely to the spirit but also to the materiality of the body itself during pilgrimages. In fact, even the rituals performed during pilgrimages, once strictly tied to religion, now manifest in multiple forms. Individuals seek spirituality in places that hold deeply personal meaning in their lives—not necessarily tied to a sense of community, but belonging to lived experience through the body. The process of de-secularization involves the renegotiation of the boundaries between the religious and secular spheres in contemporary society, as well as the reduction of the public sphere in favor of a more private domain of action.
1-mar-2024
Settore GSPS-06/A - Sociologia dei processi culturali e comunicativi
Salerno, R. (2024). Pellegrinaggi e de-secolarizzazione. DIALOGHI MEDITERRANEI.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/692592
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