This paper examines the Southern Question as a persistent historical, social, and cultural construct, framing the “southerner” not merely as a geographical category but as a symbolic and political device through which, since the Italian Unification, the narrative of the “Southern problem” has been articulated. The article explores the reproduction of structural inequalities between Northern and Southern Italy, with particular reference to the Mezzogiorno and Sicily, within the context of the post-war economy and contemporary transformations of the labor market. Phenomena such as youth and female unemployment, the brain drain, and the welfare crisis are interpreted as outcomes of a lack of integrated public policies and an undervalued social capital, within a framework of growing disaffection toward institutions and a crisis of democratic representation. The analysis is enriched by Leonardo Sciascia’s literary contribution, whose metaphor of the linea della palma is reinterpreted sociologically as a symbol of the expansion of degenerative processes—corruption, inefficiency, distrust—from local phenomena to systemic national dynamics. In this light, Southern Italy becomes a mirror reflecting the broader contradictions of Italian modernity, a space of tension between resignation and resistance, crisis and the potential for renewal. Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of Anthony Giddens, Raymond Boudon, and Salvatore Abbruzzese, the text explores the micro-sociological dimensions of the Southern crisis, highlighting the loss of ontological security, the breakdown of interpersonal and institutional trust, and the value crisis that fuels collective disillusionment and youth migration. The analysis shows how work, once a tool for social integration and recognition, is increasingly transformed into a space of precarity and alienation, contributing to a widespread sense of failure and impotence. Finally, the article proposes a reading of Southern redemption as a process of social regeneration based on cooperation, the enhancement of human capital, and the reconstruction of a trust pact between state and citizens. In this perspective, the Southern Question is no longer a territorial anomaly but an interpretive lens through which to understand the broader crisis of Italian modernity and the urgent need for a new model of development grounded in equity, participation, and social justice.
Il presente contributo analizza la questione meridionale come costruzione storica, sociale e culturale persistente, assumendo il “meridionale” non solo come categoria geografica ma come dispositivo simbolico e politico attraverso cui si è articolata, sin dall’Unità d’Italia, la narrazione del problema-sud. L’articolo esplora la riproduzione delle disuguaglianze strutturali tra Nord e Sud, con particolare riferimento al Mezzogiorno e alla Sicilia, nel contesto dell’economia postbellica e delle trasformazioni contemporanee del mercato del lavoro. Fenomeni quali la disoccupazione giovanile e femminile, la “fuga dei cervelli” e la crisi del welfare vengono interpretati come esiti di un deficit di politiche pubbliche integrate e di un capitale sociale non valorizzato, in un quadro di progressiva disaffezione verso le istituzioni e di crisi della rappresentanza democratica. La riflessione si arricchisce del contributo letterario di Leonardo Sciascia, la cui “linea della palma” viene riletta in chiave sociologica come metafora dell’espansione dei processi degenerativi – corruzione, inefficienza, sfiducia – da fenomeni locali a dinamiche sistemiche nazionali. In tale prospettiva, il Mezzogiorno diviene specchio delle contraddizioni della modernità italiana, luogo di tensione tra rassegnazione e resistenza, crisi e possibilità di rinascita. Attraverso i riferimenti teorici di Anthony Giddens, Raymond Boudon e Salvatore Abbruzzese, il testo indaga la dimensione micro-sociologica della crisi meridionale, evidenziando la perdita di sicurezza ontologica, la frattura della fiducia interpersonale e istituzionale, nonché la crisi valoriale che alimenta la sfiducia collettiva e la fuga dei giovani. L’analisi mostra come il lavoro, da strumento di integrazione e riconoscimento sociale, si trasformi sempre più in spazio di precarietà e alienazione, contribuendo a un diffuso sentimento di fallimento e impotenza. L’articolo propone infine una lettura del riscatto meridionale come processo di rigenerazione sociale fondato sulla cooperazione, sulla valorizzazione del capitale umano e sulla ricostruzione di un patto fiduciario tra Stato e cittadini. In questa prospettiva, la “questione meridionale” non è più un’anomalia territoriale ma una lente interpretativa attraverso cui comprendere la crisi complessiva della modernità italiana e la necessità di un nuovo modello di sviluppo fondato su equità, partecipazione e giustizia sociale.
Salerno, R. (2025). Giovani come Export & Import made in Sud: scenari e prospettive attuali. DIALOGHI MEDITERRANEI.
Giovani come Export & Import made in Sud: scenari e prospettive attuali
Salerno Rossana
2025-09-01
Abstract
This paper examines the Southern Question as a persistent historical, social, and cultural construct, framing the “southerner” not merely as a geographical category but as a symbolic and political device through which, since the Italian Unification, the narrative of the “Southern problem” has been articulated. The article explores the reproduction of structural inequalities between Northern and Southern Italy, with particular reference to the Mezzogiorno and Sicily, within the context of the post-war economy and contemporary transformations of the labor market. Phenomena such as youth and female unemployment, the brain drain, and the welfare crisis are interpreted as outcomes of a lack of integrated public policies and an undervalued social capital, within a framework of growing disaffection toward institutions and a crisis of democratic representation. The analysis is enriched by Leonardo Sciascia’s literary contribution, whose metaphor of the linea della palma is reinterpreted sociologically as a symbol of the expansion of degenerative processes—corruption, inefficiency, distrust—from local phenomena to systemic national dynamics. In this light, Southern Italy becomes a mirror reflecting the broader contradictions of Italian modernity, a space of tension between resignation and resistance, crisis and the potential for renewal. Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of Anthony Giddens, Raymond Boudon, and Salvatore Abbruzzese, the text explores the micro-sociological dimensions of the Southern crisis, highlighting the loss of ontological security, the breakdown of interpersonal and institutional trust, and the value crisis that fuels collective disillusionment and youth migration. The analysis shows how work, once a tool for social integration and recognition, is increasingly transformed into a space of precarity and alienation, contributing to a widespread sense of failure and impotence. Finally, the article proposes a reading of Southern redemption as a process of social regeneration based on cooperation, the enhancement of human capital, and the reconstruction of a trust pact between state and citizens. In this perspective, the Southern Question is no longer a territorial anomaly but an interpretive lens through which to understand the broader crisis of Italian modernity and the urgent need for a new model of development grounded in equity, participation, and social justice.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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