Multi-platform satellite-derived products during the 2025 Etna eruption

Earth Observation data are playing an increasingly central role in volcanology, enabling high-resolution assessments of the timing, magnitude, and explosivity of eruptive events. A comprehensive suite of satellite-derived products is provided here, documenting the February 2025 eruption of Mt. Etna (Italy), the first eruption fully monitored also by the third-generation Meteosat satellite, providing unprecedented mid-infrared spatial and temporal resolution. Daily Planet’s acquisitions enabled consistent monitoring of lava flow evolution, while a post-eruptive Pléiades triplet allowed for the development of an updated digital surface model and precise estimation of the deposits thickness. The dataset includes: time averaged discharge rates (TADR) from MODIS, SEVIRI, VIIRS, and FCI sensors; lava flow areal expansion from Skysat and PlanetScope imagery; deposit thickness from DSMs differencing; SO2 mass flux from TROPOMI; a 5 m-resolution DSM from Pléiades imagery (March 6th, 2025). Combined analysis of SO2 emissions and TADR improves understanding of magma supply and eruptive output. Furthermore, the products provided offer critical data for analyzing multi-temporal morphological changes and hazard assessment studies.