Innovative and Sustainable Management Practices and Tools for Enhanced Salinity Tolerance of Vegetable Crops

The increasing threat of salinity, exacerbated by climate change and unsustainable agricultural practices, necessitates innovative and sustainable crop management strategies to safeguard vegetable crop production and global food security. This review highlights a comprehensive framework that combines physiological insights with practical interventions aimed at enhancing salinity tolerance in vegetable crops. Key strategies include grafting, precision irrigation and fertilization, biofortification, and biostimulant application. These practices are applicable to both soil-based and soilless cultivation systems, offering broad relevance across diverse production environments. Combining and adapting these strategies to specific crops and environments is essential for developing sustainable, productive vegetable farming systems that can survive rising salinity and secure future food supplies. Future research focus on optimizing these integrated methods and elucidating their underlying mechanisms to enable wider and more effective adoption.