Outcome of Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemias or Myelodysplastic Syndromes After Relapsing From Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: The GITMO AML/MDS‐Relapse Registry Study

Disease relapse represents the main cause of treatment failure after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients [1]. Thus, minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring following allo-SCT is a mainstay of good clinical practice. The prognosis following relapse is dismal, and recently new treatment options, such as hypomethylating agents (HMAs) alone or in combination with venetoclax (VEN), have been used also in the setting of post-transplant disease relapse, but data from prospective trials are lacking [2]. With the aim to describe the real-life management of AML/ MDS post-transplant relapses in Italy, we conducted this retrospective registry study, involving 33/63 (52%) transplant centers in Italy and including 859 cases of disease relapse registered between 2015 and 2021 (GITMO-AML/ MDS relapse study; Clini calTr ials. gov: NCT06790680). All patients included in the registry provided informed consent for data registration in the PROMISE database. Clinically available data were extracted from the PROMISE database, and additional queries on the relapse event were submitted to each center to minimize missing data.