Onco-rheumatology: from rags to riches, a transdisciplinary evolution

With ongoing advancements in medicine, patient management has become increasingly complex, especially when multiple conditions intersect. The need for integrated, transdisciplinary approaches has never been more critical. This complexity arises not only from the proliferation of targeted therapies, but also from the interplay of multilevel interactions among different organ systems, patient-specific variables and evolving risk factors. In such a non-linear landscape, ‘single-disease’ models often prove inadequate, as they fail to capture the full scope of intertwined pathophysiological processes. Indeed, the World Health Organization together with the National Institutes of Health and the Italian Ministry of Health advocate for considering the full scope of a patient’s life, circumstances and evolving needs rather than the single disease.