Le esigenze di bilanciamento in materia di contrasto al cambiamento climatico : il caso del CBAM

This study analyzes the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) of the Eu- ropean Union, highlighting the challenges for competitiveness between European and non-European companies. It discusses the complexity of regulations against climate change and the balancing of fundamental rights and economic freedom. The analysis is based on a review of the literature regarding the CBAM, carbon leakage, and EU environmental policies, integrating data from recent studies. The CBAM aims to reduce the risk of carbon emission relocation by imposing equivalent costs on imports. However, there are critical issues concerning compe- tition, compliance costs, and the impact on SMEs and agriculture, particularly in Southern Italy. While the CBAM promotes a green transition, its implementation could exacer- bate territorial disparities and create burdens for businesses. It is essential to bal- ance environmental needs with economic sustainability and consider the reaction of enterprises.