Based on insights from the European Court of Justice (EUCJ), this essay examines inconsistencies within Italian tax regulations regarding shell companies, as outlined in Article 30 of Law No. 724 of 1994. It also proposes an alternative framework that would align these regulations more closely with the provisions of Article 9 of the VAT Directive.The EUCJ has ruled that the structure established by Article 30, which grants asset-holding companies the right to deduct VAT only if they meet a specified revenue threshold, is inconsistent with the concept of “economic activity” as defined in Article 9(1) of the VAT Directive. Under EU law, “economic activity” is not determined by the financial outcomes of a business but rather by the stable and continuous nature of the commercial activity itself. To ensure that Italian regulations on the exclusion of VAT deduction for shell companies comply with the VAT Directive, the revenue threshold should be eliminated. Instead, the Author advocates for the adoption of objective criteria that genuinely demonstrate the stable nature of a company’s commercial activity, in line with EUCJ case law. Once these criteria are met, assetholding companies should not be denied the right to deduct VAT, regardless of their revenue levels or financial losses.
Il tema delle “pre-determinazioni” contenute nella disciplina italiana delle società di comodo ha da sempre interessato la dottrina, la quale ha, in ripetute occasioni, censurato il relativo impianto normativo, ritenuto irragionevole quanto penalizzante. La sentenza del 7 marzo 2024 (C-341/22) della CGUE, con la quale i giudici del Lussemburgo hanno sancito la non compatibilità dell’art. 30 della legge n. 724/1994 con i principi della Direttiva IVA in tema di soggettività passiva al tributo e di detrazione dell’imposta, offre lo spunto per un ripensamento del percorso inferenziale della norma. La possibilità di strutturare una presunzione secondo lo schema del probabilismo logico – il cui percorso inferenziale sia basato su criteri oggettivi - che attribuisca rilievo all’esercizio, in forma stabile, di un’attività commerciale, prescindendo dai risultati della stessa, risulterebbe – secondo l’Autore – maggiormente conforme ai princìpi europei, cosi come declinati dalla CGUE. Ciò, peraltro, consentirebbe di adeguare la normativa in tema di società non operative ai principi unionali, così come raccomandato dall’art. 9, comma 1, lett. b), della legge delega 9 agosto 2023, n. 111.
Perrone, A. (2025). Prospettive di riforma della disciplina delle società di comodo alla luce della giurisprudenza della Cgue. RASSEGNA TRIBUTARIA(1/2025), 58-92.
Prospettive di riforma della disciplina delle società di comodo alla luce della giurisprudenza della Cgue
Perrone, A.
2025-03-01
Abstract
Based on insights from the European Court of Justice (EUCJ), this essay examines inconsistencies within Italian tax regulations regarding shell companies, as outlined in Article 30 of Law No. 724 of 1994. It also proposes an alternative framework that would align these regulations more closely with the provisions of Article 9 of the VAT Directive.The EUCJ has ruled that the structure established by Article 30, which grants asset-holding companies the right to deduct VAT only if they meet a specified revenue threshold, is inconsistent with the concept of “economic activity” as defined in Article 9(1) of the VAT Directive. Under EU law, “economic activity” is not determined by the financial outcomes of a business but rather by the stable and continuous nature of the commercial activity itself. To ensure that Italian regulations on the exclusion of VAT deduction for shell companies comply with the VAT Directive, the revenue threshold should be eliminated. Instead, the Author advocates for the adoption of objective criteria that genuinely demonstrate the stable nature of a company’s commercial activity, in line with EUCJ case law. Once these criteria are met, assetholding companies should not be denied the right to deduct VAT, regardless of their revenue levels or financial losses.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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