In Italy during the first half of the 20th century there was a Copernican revolution in the way architecture was represented. The twenty-year fascist period saw an increasing building activity that had its prelude on the sheets drawn by architects. Many architectures remained on paper just as many others were realised differently from the initial design. The best known architect of this period is probably Marcello Piacentini, who was very active in Rome and with whom many professionals who later became famous collaborated. Among the best known, such as Giuseppe Vaccaro and Luigi Piccinato, mention should also be made of the architect Gaetano Rapisardi, who in the 1930s was already trying to break away from Piacentini's entourage by trying his hand at designing the so-called 'intensives', i.e. those multi-family buildings of in-line dwellings, built in the expansion areas of the Roman suburbs at the time. In this sense, the experience of the Casa Signorile in Piazza Istria in 1934, commissioned from Rapisardi by the Società Edile Romana Anonima, is emblematic. Here the Sicilian architect hypothesises two architectural volumes of different dimensions, connected by a trilithic system that figuratively separates and unites them at the same time. It plays a further dual role as a monumental entrance and as an optical device towards an inner pine forest now absorbed by buildings. The building, then realised in a profoundly different way from the design hypothesis analysed here, would have been able to boast a scenographic role as a backdrop to a place that was not only to be a junction of flows but a true square based on a clear concept of urban space. Gaetano Rapisardi uses, for this project, perspective as a tool to control the stereometric language of architecture, but only limited it to the building out of context. The archive drawings found are insufficient to comprehensively describe the project, which would remain unexplored in several respects. Through the application of the operational principles of perspective restitution on the only accidental perspective found, it is possible to deduce the orthogonal projection representations of the elevations. These drawings together with the archive drawings would allow the construction of a virtual three-dimensional model of the building capable of dynamically simulating views, even in the urban environment. The analytical re-elaboration conducted from the perspective drawing should be understood as a journey, albeit figurative, having the precise characteristic of possessing the same point of view chosen by the designer for its representation. Moreover, the 3D model obtained returns something that does not exist in physical reality, allowing the observer to assess the potential characteristics of the architecture that remain latent, an action otherwise not possible through the mere observation of the original drawings. It is a hermeneutic journey in several stages conducted on a double register: empirical, as it is linked to the sphere of the imaginative, and scientific, as it is the result of the application of the principles of Descriptive Geometry.
In Italia durante la prima metà del XX secolo si registrò una rivoluzione copernicana nei modi di rappresentare il progetto architettonico: in riferimento cronologico alle due decadi della dittatura fascista, vi fu una crescente attività costruttiva che ebbe il proprio preludio sui fogli disegnati dagli architetti. In questa produzione progettuale furono numerose le opere rimaste sulla carta, così come quelle realizzate in maniera diversa rispetto a quanto ipotizzato inizialmente. L’architetto più noto di quel periodo fu probabilmente Marcello Piacentini, il cui operato si svolse principalmente a Roma grazie anche alla collaborazione di alcuni “giovani” che negli anni a seguire godettero di una certa notorietà. Tra queste figure, oltre ai più famosi Giuseppe Vaccaro e Luigi Piccinato, va ricordato l’architetto aretuseo Gaetano Rapisardi, il quale già negli anni ’30 cercava di affrancarsi dall'entourage piacentiniano cimentandosi nel progetto dei cosiddetti “intensivi”, ovvero quegli edifici plurifamiliari di abitazione in linea, realizzati nelle aree di espansione dell’allora periferia romana. In tal senso risulta emblematica l’esperienza della Casa Signorile in Piazza Istria del 1934, commissionata a Rapisardi dalla Società Edile Romana Anonima, in cui l’architetto siciliano ipotizza due volumi architettonici di dimensioni diverse, collegati da un sistema trilitico che figurativamente li separa e li unisce al tempo stesso, ma che svolge un’ulteriore duplice funzione: di ingresso monumentale e di dispositivo ottico verso una pineta interna oggi fagocitata dai palazzi. L’edificio, poi realizzato in maniera profondamente diversa rispetto all’ipotesi progettuale qui analizzata, avrebbe potuto vantare un ruolo scenografico di fondale su un luogo che non doveva essere soltanto uno snodo di flussi ma una vera e propria piazza fondata su un concetto chiaro di spazio urbano. Non a caso, Gaetano Rapisardi usa la prospettiva come strumento di controllo del linguaggio stereometrico dell’architettura fermandosi però al solo edificio avulso dal contesto. Nel complesso i disegni d’archivio rinvenuti risultano insufficienti a descrivere esaustivamente il progetto, che rimarrebbe inesplorabile sotto diversi punti di vista. Il passo in avanti che si vuole compiere attraverso questa analisi consiste nell’applicazione dei principi operativi della restituzione prospettica a partire dall’unica prospettiva accidentale ritrovata: in questo modo è possibile dedurne le rappresentazioni in proiezione ortogonale degli alzati; successivamente questi ultimi, insieme agli altri elaborati d’archivio (una pianta e una sezione), permetterebbero la costruzione di un modello tridimensionale virtuale dell’edificio in grado di simulare dinamicamente delle viste, anche nell’ambiente urbano. La rielaborazione analitica condotta a partire dal disegno prospettico va intesa come un viaggio, quantunque figurato, avente una precisa caratteristica: quella di possedere il medesimo punto di vista scelto dal progettista per la sua rappresentazione. Inoltre, il modello 3D ottenuto restituisce qualcosa che non esiste nella realtà fisica, consentendo a chi lo osserva di valutare le caratteristiche potenziali dell’architettura rimasta latente, azione altrimenti non possibile attraverso la sola osservazione dei disegni originali. Si tratta di un percorso ermeneutico a più tappe condotto su un doppio registro: empirico, poiché legato alla sfera dell’immaginifico, e scientifico, in quanto frutto dell’applicazione dei principi della Geometria Descrittiva.
Di Mauro, E., Damiano, S. (2024). Dal disegno al virtuale. Quando la realtà distorce il progetto: un palazzo romano di Gaetano Rapisardi. In F. Stilo, V. Castiglione, I. Cazzaro, M. Ceracchi, F. Natta, M. Pileri, et al. (a cura di), eXploRa. Virtual Journeys to Discover Inaccessible Heritages (pp. 126-145). Alghero : Publica.
Dal disegno al virtuale. Quando la realtà distorce il progetto: un palazzo romano di Gaetano Rapisardi
Di Mauro, Eleonora;Damiano, Salvatore
2024-12-27
Abstract
In Italy during the first half of the 20th century there was a Copernican revolution in the way architecture was represented. The twenty-year fascist period saw an increasing building activity that had its prelude on the sheets drawn by architects. Many architectures remained on paper just as many others were realised differently from the initial design. The best known architect of this period is probably Marcello Piacentini, who was very active in Rome and with whom many professionals who later became famous collaborated. Among the best known, such as Giuseppe Vaccaro and Luigi Piccinato, mention should also be made of the architect Gaetano Rapisardi, who in the 1930s was already trying to break away from Piacentini's entourage by trying his hand at designing the so-called 'intensives', i.e. those multi-family buildings of in-line dwellings, built in the expansion areas of the Roman suburbs at the time. In this sense, the experience of the Casa Signorile in Piazza Istria in 1934, commissioned from Rapisardi by the Società Edile Romana Anonima, is emblematic. Here the Sicilian architect hypothesises two architectural volumes of different dimensions, connected by a trilithic system that figuratively separates and unites them at the same time. It plays a further dual role as a monumental entrance and as an optical device towards an inner pine forest now absorbed by buildings. The building, then realised in a profoundly different way from the design hypothesis analysed here, would have been able to boast a scenographic role as a backdrop to a place that was not only to be a junction of flows but a true square based on a clear concept of urban space. Gaetano Rapisardi uses, for this project, perspective as a tool to control the stereometric language of architecture, but only limited it to the building out of context. The archive drawings found are insufficient to comprehensively describe the project, which would remain unexplored in several respects. Through the application of the operational principles of perspective restitution on the only accidental perspective found, it is possible to deduce the orthogonal projection representations of the elevations. These drawings together with the archive drawings would allow the construction of a virtual three-dimensional model of the building capable of dynamically simulating views, even in the urban environment. The analytical re-elaboration conducted from the perspective drawing should be understood as a journey, albeit figurative, having the precise characteristic of possessing the same point of view chosen by the designer for its representation. Moreover, the 3D model obtained returns something that does not exist in physical reality, allowing the observer to assess the potential characteristics of the architecture that remain latent, an action otherwise not possible through the mere observation of the original drawings. It is a hermeneutic journey in several stages conducted on a double register: empirical, as it is linked to the sphere of the imaginative, and scientific, as it is the result of the application of the principles of Descriptive Geometry.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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