Performance of cementitious composites based on spent coffee ground (chapter 12)

This chapter details the development of green bio-composite mortars, manufactured by reusing spent coffee grounds (SCG), an agri-food residue from the brewing process, in line with the Circular Economy approach. Specimens were prepared using different blends of hydraulic binders, including ordinary Portland cement, natural hydraulic lime, and green geopolymers. SCG were reused as a partial sand substitute in various quantity (up to 17.5 wt.%). The manufacturing procedures and the technological characterisation of the mixes are presented to evaluate their potential in construction, considering the technical norms, the Minimum Environmental Criteria certification, and the European Green Deal's goals for zero-energy buildings. Additionally, various technological implementations are discussed, such as the design of plastering solutions with prototype preparation, and real-world application in a construction site. The major finding is that the developed biocomposite materials are excellent candidates to replace traditional construction and building materials, offering improved technological performance. Furthermore, the reported processes and products improve sustainability in construction and represent a viable alternative to SCG disposal in landfills, which can be potentially hazardous to humans and the environment.