The current debate on scientific realism will be examined starting from the fundamental Kantian distinction between phenomenon and noumenon, a distinction that remains in this debate as an essential implicit element, rarely made explicit. What relationship does our knowledge have with reality? Human beings have always had a propensity to make theories about nature: is it possible to think of them as descriptions capable of letting us know the truth about the world? Or perhaps we should consider them simple “tools” useful for manipulating and predicting phenomena, without considering them true representations of reality? The final perspective will consist in maintaining a certain faith in the truthfulness of our scientific knowledge (critical realism), which is not naive and which can still be considered objective (in representationalist sense) despite anti-realist attempts of refutation. Scientific realism consists in the belief that the statements of accepted scientific theories give us true or approximately true knowledge of the world (in the correspondentist sense). It conceives science as a progressive approach to the truth, and believes that the theoretical terms present in theories correctly refer to actually existing entities.
Il dibattito attuale sul realismo scientifico verrà esaminato a partire dalla fondamentale distinzione Kantiana fra fenomeno e noumeno, distinzione che permane in tale dibattito come elemento implicito imprescindibile, raramente esplicitato. Quale rapporto intrattiene la nostra conoscenza con la realtà? Gli uomini hanno sempre avuto una propensione a creare teorie sulla natura: è possibile pensare ad esse come a descrizioni capaci di farci conoscere la verità sul mondo? O forse dovremmo ritenerle dei semplici “strumenti” utili a manipolare e prevedere i fenomeni, senza considerarle rappresentazioni vere della realtà? La prospettiva finale consisterà nel mantenere una certa fiducia nella veridicità della nostra conoscenza scientifica (realismo critico), che non sia però ingenua e che possa essere ancora ritenuta oggettiva (in senso rappresentazionalista) malgrado i tentativi di confutazione antirealisti. Il realismo scientifico consiste nella convinzione che le affermazioni delle teorie scientifiche accettate ci diano una conoscenza vera o approssimativamente vera del mondo (in senso corrispondentista). Esso concepisce la scienza come un progressivo avvicinamento alla verità, e ritiene che i termini teorici presenti nelle teorie si riferiscano correttamente a entità realmente esistenti.
Gaetano Licata (2024). REALISMO SCIENTIFICO E DISTINZIONE KANTIANA FRA FENOMENO E NOUMENO. STUDIUM PHILOSOPHICUM, 23(9-10), 361-370.
REALISMO SCIENTIFICO E DISTINZIONE KANTIANA FRA FENOMENO E NOUMENO
Gaetano Licata
2024-10-01
Abstract
The current debate on scientific realism will be examined starting from the fundamental Kantian distinction between phenomenon and noumenon, a distinction that remains in this debate as an essential implicit element, rarely made explicit. What relationship does our knowledge have with reality? Human beings have always had a propensity to make theories about nature: is it possible to think of them as descriptions capable of letting us know the truth about the world? Or perhaps we should consider them simple “tools” useful for manipulating and predicting phenomena, without considering them true representations of reality? The final perspective will consist in maintaining a certain faith in the truthfulness of our scientific knowledge (critical realism), which is not naive and which can still be considered objective (in representationalist sense) despite anti-realist attempts of refutation. Scientific realism consists in the belief that the statements of accepted scientific theories give us true or approximately true knowledge of the world (in the correspondentist sense). It conceives science as a progressive approach to the truth, and believes that the theoretical terms present in theories correctly refer to actually existing entities.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
28_Realismo_Fenomeno e Noumeno_Licata.pdf
accesso aperto
Tipologia:
Versione Editoriale
Dimensione
276.99 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
276.99 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.