Although the function and the assumptions and the bankruptcy agreement have remained largely unchanged, the recent reforms have rewritten the art. 129 l. fall. and made significant innovations to the discipline of the judgment of approval. This provision requires two separate procedures, depending on whether the proposal has been approved by the Concordat all classes or only by a majority of the classes and has been raised whether or not the opposition. Namely the process of 'approval' assumes that the application for composition has been approved by all classes of creditors, or that none of the legitimate opposition has proposed. Conversely, the procedure is carried out with more complex shapes and defines itself as 'approval' every time the agreement has not obtained the consent of all classes of creditors but one of the majority, and that the board has approved the proposal after verifying that dissenting creditors can be satisfied by the agreed "not less than the alternatives practically workable." It should also be noted that the force of the Bankruptcy Act of 1942 was assigned to the court not only the assessment of procedural and formal regularity of the process of ' reliability of the plan concordat, in reference to the next phase of execution, but was required to examine the appropriateness of the proposal with respect to any results to be obtained through the bankruptcy liquidation of assets. If in the past the court was seized of the regularity and merit of the proposal, both in relation to the feasibility of the proposal to the convenience, the novellato Articles. 129 ff. l. fall. outlines, a completely different scenario. After all, the legislature of 2005-2006 to bring justice, as administered by the bankruptcy courts, the requests from the world of business, he returned to his liberal bankruptcy law that setting of the Commercial Code of 1882, which in the first decades of the last century had been singled out as the cause of the inefficiencies of the then current bankruptcy system. The changes were imposed by the fact that the discipline of failure, contained in Book III of the Commercial Code of 1882, it appeared not only ineffective in relation to the protection of creditors but also excessively time consuming and expensive. Sorting bankruptcy period presented, therefore, diseases and critical elements that reforms of those years and was designed to overcome is through the application of the principle of speed and the concentration of the bankruptcy process, both through the recognition on the part of the judge delegated broad powers to the functional repression of abuses in place by merchants from fraudulent and dishonest editors. Although the spirit underlying the renewal of the Trade Act of 1882 coincided largely with that of its reforms of our day, the broad legislative policy are placed exactly at the antipodes. In fact, the two systems are antithetical not so much for the content of their rules, but rather for the two modes, absolutely incompatible, to conceive the bankruptcy proceedings. In other words, following the recent reforms, a reverse path than that wrought by the legislature fascist, the foundation upon which was built the institution of bankruptcy and the court agreed - that the best interests of the State to more rapid and efficient liquidation of companies bumpy - are broken in the name of privatization of the crisis for the company.
Anche se la funzione ed i presupposti e del concordato fallimentare sono rimasti sostanzialmente immutati, le recenti riforme hanno riscritto l’art. 129 l. fall. ed apportato significative innovazioni alla disciplina del giudizio di omologazione. Tale disposizione prevede due distinti procedimenti, a seconda che la proposta concordataria sia stata approvata da tutte le classi o soltanto dalla maggioranza delle classi e siano state sollevate o meno opposizioni. Segnatamente il procedimento di «omologazione» presuppone che la domanda di concordato sia stata approvata da tutte le classi dei creditori ovvero che nessuno dei legittimati abbia proposto opposizione. Viceversa, il procedimento si svolge con forme più complesse e si definisce di «approvazione» ogni volta che il concordato non abbia ottenuto il consenso di tutte le classi dei creditori ma della sola maggioranza; e che il collegio abbia approvato la proposta dopo aver verificato che i creditori dissenzienti possano risultare soddisfatti dal concordato «in misura non inferiore alle alternative concretamente praticabili».Va pure segnalato che nel vigore della legge fallimentare del 1942 all’autorità giudiziaria era demandata non soltanto la valutazione della regolarità formale dell’iter procedimentale e dell’attendibilità del piano concordatario, anche in riferimento alla successiva fase di esecuzione, ma era tenuta a vagliare la congruità della proposta rispetto agli eventuali risultati conseguibili attraverso la liquidazione fallimentare dell’attivo. Se in passato il tribunale era investito della regolarità e del merito della proposta, sia in relazione alla fattibilità che alla convenienza della proposta, il novellato artt. 129 ss. l. fall. delinea, uno scenario completamente diverso. A ben guardare, il legislatore del 2005-2006 per adeguare la giustizia, così come amministrata dai tribunali fallimentari, alle istanze provenienti dal mondo del commercio, ha restituito alla legge fallimentare quell’impostazione liberale propria del Codice di Commercio del 1882, che nei primi decenni del secolo scorso era stata additata come la causa delle inefficienze dell’allora vigente sistema fallimentare. Le modifiche erano imposte dal fatto che la disciplina del fallimento, contenuta nel III libro del Codice di Commercio del 1882, risultava non solo poco efficace in relazione alla tutela dei creditori ma anche eccessivamente lunga e costosa. L’ordinamento fallimentare dell’epoca presentava, dunque, patologie ed elementi di criticità che le riforme di quegli anni si prefiggevano di superare sia attraverso l’applicazione del principio della celerità e della concentrazione del processo di fallimento, sia mediante il riconoscimento in capo al giudice delegato di ampi poteri funzionali alla repressione di abusi posti in essere da commercianti fraudolenti e da curatori poco onesti. Anche se lo spirito sotteso al rinnovamento della legge commerciale del 1882 coincideva, in larga parte, con quello proprio delle riforme dei nostri giorni, gli indirizzi di politica legislativa si collocano esattamente agli antipodi. In effetti, i due ordinamenti sono antitetici non tanto per il contenuto delle rispettive norme, quanto piuttosto per i due modi, assolutamente incompatibili, di concepire le procedure concorsuali. In altri termini in seguito alle recenti riforme, con un percorso inverso rispetto a quello battuto dal legislatore fascista, le fondamenta sulle quali era stato edificato l’istituto del fallimento e dei concordati giudiziali - vale a dire il superiore interesse dello Stato alla più rapida ed efficiente liquidazione delle imprese dissestate – vengono infrante in nome della privatizzazione della crisi dell’impresa.
FARINA, P. (2010). La nuova disciplina della fase di omologazione e di esecuzione del concordato fallimentare. In La procedura fallimentare (pp. 551-613). Torino : Giappichelli.
La nuova disciplina della fase di omologazione e di esecuzione del concordato fallimentare
FARINA, PASQUALINA
2010-01-01
Abstract
Although the function and the assumptions and the bankruptcy agreement have remained largely unchanged, the recent reforms have rewritten the art. 129 l. fall. and made significant innovations to the discipline of the judgment of approval. This provision requires two separate procedures, depending on whether the proposal has been approved by the Concordat all classes or only by a majority of the classes and has been raised whether or not the opposition. Namely the process of 'approval' assumes that the application for composition has been approved by all classes of creditors, or that none of the legitimate opposition has proposed. Conversely, the procedure is carried out with more complex shapes and defines itself as 'approval' every time the agreement has not obtained the consent of all classes of creditors but one of the majority, and that the board has approved the proposal after verifying that dissenting creditors can be satisfied by the agreed "not less than the alternatives practically workable." It should also be noted that the force of the Bankruptcy Act of 1942 was assigned to the court not only the assessment of procedural and formal regularity of the process of ' reliability of the plan concordat, in reference to the next phase of execution, but was required to examine the appropriateness of the proposal with respect to any results to be obtained through the bankruptcy liquidation of assets. If in the past the court was seized of the regularity and merit of the proposal, both in relation to the feasibility of the proposal to the convenience, the novellato Articles. 129 ff. l. fall. outlines, a completely different scenario. After all, the legislature of 2005-2006 to bring justice, as administered by the bankruptcy courts, the requests from the world of business, he returned to his liberal bankruptcy law that setting of the Commercial Code of 1882, which in the first decades of the last century had been singled out as the cause of the inefficiencies of the then current bankruptcy system. The changes were imposed by the fact that the discipline of failure, contained in Book III of the Commercial Code of 1882, it appeared not only ineffective in relation to the protection of creditors but also excessively time consuming and expensive. Sorting bankruptcy period presented, therefore, diseases and critical elements that reforms of those years and was designed to overcome is through the application of the principle of speed and the concentration of the bankruptcy process, both through the recognition on the part of the judge delegated broad powers to the functional repression of abuses in place by merchants from fraudulent and dishonest editors. Although the spirit underlying the renewal of the Trade Act of 1882 coincided largely with that of its reforms of our day, the broad legislative policy are placed exactly at the antipodes. In fact, the two systems are antithetical not so much for the content of their rules, but rather for the two modes, absolutely incompatible, to conceive the bankruptcy proceedings. In other words, following the recent reforms, a reverse path than that wrought by the legislature fascist, the foundation upon which was built the institution of bankruptcy and the court agreed - that the best interests of the State to more rapid and efficient liquidation of companies bumpy - are broken in the name of privatization of the crisis for the company.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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LA NUOVA DISCIPLINA DELLA FASE DI OMOLOGAZIONE E DI ESECUZIONE DEL CONCORDATO FALLIMENTARE.pdf
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