The symbolic meanings of fire must first of all be ascribed to its role as a powerful tool of cultural transformation. The sacred value and the ritual practices connected to it originate from its practical functions: lighting and heating, cooking food, transformation of materials, preparation of the fields, etc. In the celebrations of the first agro-pastoral civilisations, fire is already a sacred symbol: an element that connects with transcendence, a divine instrument, a manifestation of divinity. Sacred fires continued to hold these values throughout the Middle Ages, in the modern age and in contemporary times, not episodically, in various European regions, where they remain constitutive elements of numerous religious celebrations. Bonfires vary in number and size from place to place. In them they burn wood, straw, pruning scraps and waste materials. They are devotional and playful places around which the family or the entire community gather. Around the bonfires revolve a mythical-ritual universe and behaviors and beliefs that seem to repeat forms and gestures with which man for millennia has related to the transcendent entities on which he feels his own well-being depends. If today the link with the cycles of nature seems to have been lost and the traditional festivals have been affected by the processes of patrimonialisation, the fire rites continue to respond to the fundamental anxieties of existence, with requests around death, illness, production and to reproduction, to the very sense of being in the world. Lighting bonfires, dancing around the fire, jumping into the flames, burning puppets, collecting embers, walking through the fields and streets of the towns brandishing torches are behaviors intended to recompose and strengthen social bonds and to enter into communion with the divine, to purify community space-time, to support the fertility of men, fields and herds, to finally re-establish the natural and social cosmos.
I significati simbolici del fuoco vanno anzitutto ascritti al suo ruolo di potente strumento di trasformazione culturale. Il valore sacrale e le pratiche rituali a questo connesse traggono origine dalle sue funzioni di carattere pratico: illuminazione e riscaldamento, cottura del cibo, trasformazione dei materiali, preparazione dei campi, etc. Nelle feste delle prime civiltà agro-pastorali il fuoco è già un simbolo sacro: elemento che mette in relazione con la trascendenza, strumento divino, manifestazione della divinità. Tali valori i fuochi sacri hanno continuato a detenere nel corso del Medioevo, in Età moderna e nella contemporaneità, non episodicamente, in diverse regioni europee, ove restano elementi costitutivi di numerose celebrazioni religiose. I falò variano di numero e di dimensioni da luogo a luogo. In essi bruciano legname, paglia, avanzi della potatura, materiali di risulta. Sono luoghi devozionali e ludici intorno ai quali si riuniscono la famiglia o l’intera comunità. Intorno ai falò ruotano un universo mitico-rituale e comportamenti e credenze che sembrano ripetere forme e gesti con i quali l’uomo da millenni si rapporta alle entità trascendenti da cui avverte dipendere il proprio benessere. Se oggi il legame con i cicli della natura sembra essersi perduto e le feste tradizionali sono state investite dai processi di patrimonializzazione, i riti del fuoco, continuano a rispondere alle inquietudini fondamentali dell’esistere, con richieste intorno alla morte, alla malattia, alla produzione e alla riproduzione, al senso stesso dell’esserci nel mondo. Accendere falò, danzare intorno al fuoco, saltare tra le fiamme, bruciare fantocci, raccogliere braci, percorrere i campi e le strade degli abitati brandendo torce, sono comportamenti intesi a ricomporre e rinsaldare i legami sociali e a entrare in comunione con il divino, a purificare lo spazio-tempo comunitario, a sostenere la fecondità di uomini, campi e armenti, a rifondare, infine, il cosmo naturale e sociale.
Buttitta, I. (2024). Le fiamme dei santi. Riti e simbolismi del fuoco in Europa. In L. Latini, S. Zanon (a cura di), Dalla parte del fuoco. Riti, visioni, pratiche di coltivazione nel paesaggio (pp. 29-49). Treviso : Fondazione Benetton Studi Ricerche.
Le fiamme dei santi. Riti e simbolismi del fuoco in Europa
Buttitta, I
2024-10-01
Abstract
The symbolic meanings of fire must first of all be ascribed to its role as a powerful tool of cultural transformation. The sacred value and the ritual practices connected to it originate from its practical functions: lighting and heating, cooking food, transformation of materials, preparation of the fields, etc. In the celebrations of the first agro-pastoral civilisations, fire is already a sacred symbol: an element that connects with transcendence, a divine instrument, a manifestation of divinity. Sacred fires continued to hold these values throughout the Middle Ages, in the modern age and in contemporary times, not episodically, in various European regions, where they remain constitutive elements of numerous religious celebrations. Bonfires vary in number and size from place to place. In them they burn wood, straw, pruning scraps and waste materials. They are devotional and playful places around which the family or the entire community gather. Around the bonfires revolve a mythical-ritual universe and behaviors and beliefs that seem to repeat forms and gestures with which man for millennia has related to the transcendent entities on which he feels his own well-being depends. If today the link with the cycles of nature seems to have been lost and the traditional festivals have been affected by the processes of patrimonialisation, the fire rites continue to respond to the fundamental anxieties of existence, with requests around death, illness, production and to reproduction, to the very sense of being in the world. Lighting bonfires, dancing around the fire, jumping into the flames, burning puppets, collecting embers, walking through the fields and streets of the towns brandishing torches are behaviors intended to recompose and strengthen social bonds and to enter into communion with the divine, to purify community space-time, to support the fertility of men, fields and herds, to finally re-establish the natural and social cosmos.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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