Classification of Physical Activity Programs Based on the Kellgren & Lawrence Scale for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis is a common orthopaedic disease, is the leading cause of disability in the elderly, and can lead to pain, loss of function, and reduced quality of life. This research aims to determine how PA programs can be effectively classified and customised to align with the stages of knee OA according to the KL classification. Objective: The research aims to fill the gap in understanding the relationship between the type and intensity of PA and the stages of OA as defined by the KL classification. Materials and methods: A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. This review included different types of studies published after January 1, 2013. Results: Two thousand one hundred and thirty-six were picked up and only nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The beneficial effects of exercise were found in the function of the joints, pain, and quality of life. Aerobic, isometric, and resistance training showed positive effects and presented improvements in physical function, quality of life, and pain. Conclusion: The exercise programs appear to be both safe and effective in subjects with knee osteoarthritis with regard to quality of life, pain, and knee function. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024550463.