The jurist-bureaucrats who supported Frederick II, emperor and king of Sicily, were more specialized technicians who knew the royal constitutions and the city customs than pure intellectuals. In the Porta di Capua there were two busts identified with Pier della Vigna, whose relationship with Frederick II had a dramatic and lacerating epilogue, and Taddeo da Sessa who supported the emperor at the cost of his life. The propaganda against Frederick, born at the time of Gregory IX, continued under Innocent IV who in 1245, at the Council of Lyon, condemned him in absentia, deposed him and stripped him of all titles with the accusations of heresy, perjury and sacrilege, despite the skilled and well-argued defense of Taddeo. Two years later the Franciscans urged the citizens to defend Parma, besieged by the emperor, explaining that he was the Antichrist foretold by Daniel, and the people of Parma inflicted a stinging defeat on him. While leading the army and guarding the imperial treasure, Taddeo was captured and killed by the people of Parma who did not want to listen to his «mellitos et super oleum mollitos sermones». Evidently, Taddeo's words so disturbed Frederick's opponents that they were unable to respond. After his death, the emperor lost his best and most trusted lawyer and the idea that Frederick was the Antichrist spread even more, heavily influencing the last years of his reign.

I giuristi-burocrati che affiancavano Federico II, imperatore e re di Sicilia, più che intellettuali puri erano tecnici specializzati che conoscevano le costituzioni regie e le consuetudini cittadine. Nella Porta di Capua campeggiavano due busti identificati con Pier della Vigna, il cui rapporto con Federico II ebbe un drammatico e lacerante epilogo, e Taddeo da Sessa che supportò l’imperatore a costo della vita. La propaganda contro Federico, nata ai tempi di Gregorio IX, proseguì sotto Innocenzo IV che nel 1245, al Concilio di Lione, lo condannò in contumacia, lo depose e lo privò di ogni titolo con le accuse di eresia, spergiuro e sacrilegio, nonostante l’abile e argomentata difesa di Taddeo. Due anni dopo i Francescani spronarono i cittadini a difendere Parma, assediata dall’imperatore, spiegando che era l’Anticristo preconizzato da Daniele, e i Parmensi gli inflissero una cocente sconfitta. Mentre guidava l’esercito e custodiva il tesoro imperiale, Taddeo fu catturato e ucciso dai Parmensi che non volevano ascoltare i suoi «mellitos et super oleum mollitos sermones». Evidentemente le parole di Taddeo turbavano tanto gli avversari di Federico che erano incapaci di controbbattere. Dopo la sua morte, l’imperatore perse il migliore e più fidato avvocato e l’idea che fosse l’Anticristo si diffuse ancor di più, condizionando pesantemente gli ultimi anni del suo regno.

Sardina, P. (2024). L’avvocato del diavolo: Taddeo da Sessa e Federico II. In F. Manzari, L. Pepi, P. Sardina, P. Spallino (a cura di), Sapienza, scienza e culture alla corte di Federico II di Svevia. Gli uomini (pp. 109-127). Palermo : Officina di Studi Medievali.

L’avvocato del diavolo: Taddeo da Sessa e Federico II

Sardina, Patrizia
2024-01-01

Abstract

The jurist-bureaucrats who supported Frederick II, emperor and king of Sicily, were more specialized technicians who knew the royal constitutions and the city customs than pure intellectuals. In the Porta di Capua there were two busts identified with Pier della Vigna, whose relationship with Frederick II had a dramatic and lacerating epilogue, and Taddeo da Sessa who supported the emperor at the cost of his life. The propaganda against Frederick, born at the time of Gregory IX, continued under Innocent IV who in 1245, at the Council of Lyon, condemned him in absentia, deposed him and stripped him of all titles with the accusations of heresy, perjury and sacrilege, despite the skilled and well-argued defense of Taddeo. Two years later the Franciscans urged the citizens to defend Parma, besieged by the emperor, explaining that he was the Antichrist foretold by Daniel, and the people of Parma inflicted a stinging defeat on him. While leading the army and guarding the imperial treasure, Taddeo was captured and killed by the people of Parma who did not want to listen to his «mellitos et super oleum mollitos sermones». Evidently, Taddeo's words so disturbed Frederick's opponents that they were unable to respond. After his death, the emperor lost his best and most trusted lawyer and the idea that Frederick was the Antichrist spread even more, heavily influencing the last years of his reign.
2024
Settore HIST-01/A - Storia medievale
Sardina, P. (2024). L’avvocato del diavolo: Taddeo da Sessa e Federico II. In F. Manzari, L. Pepi, P. Sardina, P. Spallino (a cura di), Sapienza, scienza e culture alla corte di Federico II di Svevia. Gli uomini (pp. 109-127). Palermo : Officina di Studi Medievali.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/664124
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