Left Ventricular Deformation and Myocardial Work Parameters in Patients with Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis Treated with Patisiran: A Single-Center Study

Background: In recent years, many advances have been made in the treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv). Patisiran is a small-interfering RNA used to treat ATTRv with only polyneuropathy or polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of patisiran on cardiac function in ATTRv patients using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) analysis. Methods: A single-center prospective study was performed enrolling 21 patients with ATTRv (11 M—52% of the population; 10 F—48% of the population; median age 66 ± 8.4 years old). A total of 7 patients had cardiac amyloidosis and polyneuropathy, and 14 patients had only polyneuropathy without cardiac involvement. Cardiological evaluation including electrocardiograms, echocardiography with STE, and assessment of myocardial work parameters was performed in all patients before starting patisiran and after 9–18 months. Functional capacity was assessed using the 6 min walk test; quality of life was assessed using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Results: We did not find a significant difference in gender prevalence of ATTR amyloidosis in all of the population (p-value 0.79), but we found that cardiac amyloidosis significantly predominated in the male sex compared to patients with only neuropathy. In all patients, we found a slight improvement in functional capacity and quality of life. We did not find significant changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), but we found a significant improvement in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), global work waste (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE), especially in patients with cardiac amyloidosis; E/e’ average and left atrial stiffness also improved significantly in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Conclusions: Our study confirms a positive effect of patisiran on cardiac function, particularly the absence of signs of subclinical deterioration as detected by very sensitive STE parameters such as GLS, MW, and atrial stiffness during follow up in patients treated with patisiran.