Congenital anomalies of the spine from the prehistoric hypogeum of Calaforno (Ragusa, Sicily, Italy)

This article analyses the cases of congenital anomalies of the spine found in the commingled human remains from the prehistoric Hypogeum of Calaforno, in Sicily, whose construction dates back to the Late Sicilian Eneolithic Period (2700 BC). Morphological and palaeoradiological methods are applied. Spondylolysis, cleft neural arch and coccyx sacralisation are reported and discussed in the context of the palaeopathological literature on the topic.