Sul diritto al paesaggio : il ruolo delle comunità locali nella pianificazione del paesaggio in contesti territoriali fragili

In the local contexts of Southern Italy, characterized by the presence of a great natural and cultural heritage, but fragile from an administrative point of view, a large part of this territory has been reduced to a physical support des- tined to host productive settlements, according to development models alien to the culture of the places. This development model has often irreversibly al- tered the relationship between places, local economies and their communities. In these contexts, landscape is undoubtedly an interesting field for reflection. In fact, landscape is an area on which the demands of protection and conser- vation are concentrated, but also those of territorial development. Around it, the action of local institutions and communities is carried out, often in a con- troversial and inconsistent way. With respect to it, during the twentieth century, the protection models are profoundly changing. In relation to these issues, this contribution aims at recomposing the sense nexus between actions of landscape protection/development of the territory to the ethical action of a local community, as an essential condition for a bal- anced co-evolutionary process. In this sense, this article constitutes a significant contribution to the rewriting of the biography of a territory and represents a methodological contribution on the role of local communities in the planning processes affecting their territories, according to a co- evolutionary process between place, work and inhabitants. The contribution starts from a reflection on the principle of the right to land- scape, as an ethical tension towards the landscape heritage understood as a human right, rather than a right of landscape, oriented to the protection of the landscape heritage. Through the recall of the role of local communities in the landscape planning, the contribution proposes, finally, a critical re-reading of the landscape planning experience of the Nebrodi Mountains in Sicily. This experience constitutes a significant contribution to the rewriting of the biog- raphy of a territory and represents a methodological contribution on the role of local communities in the planning processes affecting their territories.