Ecosystems Model Analysis for the EU Tourism Industry in Key EU Countries

The covid-19 pandemic has inflicted a notably harsher economic toll on tourism activities within EU countries compared to other sectors. However, accurately assessing these impacts has proven challenging due to the intricate web of cross-sectoral relationships in tourism economies across the industrial system. Drawing from the industrial ecosystem model recently integrated into the European Union’s industrial strategy, this paper aims to outline a novel configuration of the European tourism industry. The connections between the tourism ecosystem and other industrial ecosystems in four eu nations are delineated by analysing sectoral interdependencies. The findings highlight the diverse, productive links between industrial ecosystems and the tourism sector and the potential ramifications of a tourism market crisis on these industrial ecosystems.