Crassus vs Spartacus : legal aspects of Crassus’ command agaist servile war · In the autumn of 72 b.c., Marcus Licinius Crassus, after having held the office of praetor in 73 b.c., received from the senate the task of suppressing the servile revolt, led by the Thracian gladiator Spartacus. The revolt, which broke out in the summer of 73 b.c., had in fact by now assumed the dimensions of a real servile war, endangering the entire Italic population, and in vain first some praetors and then the consuls themselves had tried to contain it, incurring the latter in a sensational military defeat. The senate, therefore, placed its hopes on Marcus Licinius Crassus who had distinguished himself militarily under Silla and, given the situation of particular danger for the libera res publica, gave Crassus, at that moment privatus civis, an extraordinary command for the suppression of the servile revolt. Given the necessary references to the historical-legal and economic-social context in which this revolt matured and to its two main protagonists, Crassus and Spartacus, this research mainly aims to clarify the legal aspects of the extraordinary command entrusted by the senate to Crassus. Through a rereading of the sources, also in the light of the Silla constitution, the juridical nature of this command seems to be attributable to that of an extraordinary proconsulate entrusted to privatus civis, in which the deliberation of the senate had a central and pre-eminent role.

Nell’autunno del 72 a.C., Marcus Licinius Crassus, dopo aver ricoperto la carica di pretore nel 73 a.C., riceve dal senato il compito di reprimere la rivolta servile, guidata dal gladiatore trace Spartacus. La rivolta, scoppiata nell’estate del 73 a.C., aveva, infatti, ormai assunto le dimensioni di una vera e propria guerra servile, mettendo in pericolo l’intera popolazione italica, e invano prima alcuni pretori e poi gli stessi consoli avevano cercato di contenerla, incorrendo questi ultimi in una clamorosa disfatta militare. Il senato, ripose, quindi, le sue speranze su Marcus Licinius Crassus che si era distinto militarmente sotto Silla e, stante la situazione di particolare pericolo per la libera res publica, conferì a Crasso, in quel momento privatus civis, un comando straordinario per la repressione della rivolta servile. Premessi i necessari riferimenti al contesto storico-giuridico e economico-sociale in cui maturò tale rivolta e ai suoi due principali protagonisti, Crasso e Spartaco, questa ricerca mira principalmente a chiarire gli aspetti giuridici del comando straordinario affidato dal senato a Crasso. Attraverso una rilettura delle fonti, anche alla luce della costituzione sillana, la natura giuridica di tale comando sembra essere riconducibile a quella di un proconsolato straordinario affidato a privatus civis, in cui un ruolo centrale e preminente ebbe la deliberazione del senato.

Minasola Castrenze (2022). Crassus vs. Spartacus: aspetti giuridici del comando del senato contro la rivolta servile. IURIS ANTIQUI HISTORIA, 14, 171-196 [10.19272/202231201007].

Crassus vs. Spartacus: aspetti giuridici del comando del senato contro la rivolta servile

Minasola Castrenze
2022-11-01

Abstract

Crassus vs Spartacus : legal aspects of Crassus’ command agaist servile war · In the autumn of 72 b.c., Marcus Licinius Crassus, after having held the office of praetor in 73 b.c., received from the senate the task of suppressing the servile revolt, led by the Thracian gladiator Spartacus. The revolt, which broke out in the summer of 73 b.c., had in fact by now assumed the dimensions of a real servile war, endangering the entire Italic population, and in vain first some praetors and then the consuls themselves had tried to contain it, incurring the latter in a sensational military defeat. The senate, therefore, placed its hopes on Marcus Licinius Crassus who had distinguished himself militarily under Silla and, given the situation of particular danger for the libera res publica, gave Crassus, at that moment privatus civis, an extraordinary command for the suppression of the servile revolt. Given the necessary references to the historical-legal and economic-social context in which this revolt matured and to its two main protagonists, Crassus and Spartacus, this research mainly aims to clarify the legal aspects of the extraordinary command entrusted by the senate to Crassus. Through a rereading of the sources, also in the light of the Silla constitution, the juridical nature of this command seems to be attributable to that of an extraordinary proconsulate entrusted to privatus civis, in which the deliberation of the senate had a central and pre-eminent role.
nov-2022
Minasola Castrenze (2022). Crassus vs. Spartacus: aspetti giuridici del comando del senato contro la rivolta servile. IURIS ANTIQUI HISTORIA, 14, 171-196 [10.19272/202231201007].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10447/611037
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