Il Pnnr e le economie del turismo in Italia: le disparità regionali e le politiche

The Italian regions show marked differences in the pattern of tourism development. These disparities can be offset by implementing a shared plan that supports the post-pandemic restart and strengthens its resilience to external shocks. The multiannual programming initiative launched by the EU with the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) aims to address the consequences of the exogenous shocks triggered by the crisis from Covid-19 on the European production system. According to a top-down strategy articulated in a national plan and regional and sub-regional action plans, the large number of economic resources foreseen in the Plan will produce significant effects. The Pnrr's general plant is divided into six distinctive missions: innovation, ecological transition, infrastructure, education and research, inclusion, and health. They are defined concerning the critical and upcoming themes throughout 2021/2026 (Ministry of Tourism 2021). Starting from this overall vision, it is interesting to analyze the Plan in a regional key, highlighting how it can affect territorial and sectoral disparities, reducing them or, vice versa, amplifying them. The article focuses on the Italian travel and tourism industry, observing its characteristic structure and referring to its articulations within the production system. As is well known, the crisis triggered by Covid-19 has led to a drastic reduction in international and domestic tourist demand, with effects on tourism production, employment and production chains linked to this. The PNRR offers tourism and culture a plan of investment and opportunities to restart the economies connected and stimulated by Italy's travel and tourism industry. The article starts with the differences in the structure of the tourist supply in each Italian region in the pre-A pandemic years. It also analyzes how and under what conditions economic policies on tourism and culture can contribute to reducing differences and restoring the country's competitiveness. To this end, the distribution of domestic tourism, in its component's domestic and international tourism, and the regional articulation of the offer will be analyzed. Some synthetic indices will be used to evaluate the proposed lines of intervention and define some indications to increase the effectiveness of the Policies and reduce their criticalities.